The Myth of the Computer Hacker

The seriousness of computer hacking is not exaggerated, it is far worse than that. The computer hacker has attained the status of myth; society associates all computer crime with a mythical perpetrator that bears no resemblance to reality. This paper will argue that in the early stages of the myth the computer hacker was regarded as a highly skilled but mentally disturbed youth who has an unhealthy association with computers. The new reality of electronic commerce resulted in pressures that culminated in the computer hacker becoming regarded as a dangerous criminal. A thorough analysis of the statistics will demonstrate that the majority of computer intruders are neither dangerous nor highly skilled, and thus nothing like the mythical hacker.     

弘扬自然辩证法传统 建设科学技术学学科群

本文回顾了我国自然辩证法学科和学科群的发展过程,分析了其间的广义理论和狭义理解、分歧和共性,探讨了终将从广义上延拓成科学技术学一级学科,从狭义上形成二级学科群的合理性和现实可能性.基于坚定自然辩证法原理作为科学技术学基础理论及学科建设指南的必然性,建议扩大<自然辩证法研究>副标题的内涵,将目前冗长的副标题改变成简洁的"关于科学技术学的理论性杂志".     

关于计算机辅助教学(CAI)的几点思考

计算机辅助教学是传统教学模式的一个根本性变革 ,在高等教育中发挥的作用越来越明显。探讨了在进行计算机辅助教学课件 (CAI)的开发过程中 ,当前普遍存在的问题及其产生的原因 ,同时 ,初步提出了解决这些问题的方法 ,指出 CAI课件应向网络化、智能化方向发展     

Quantifying uncertainty in the biospheric carbon flux for England and Wales

Summary.  A crucial issue in the current global warming debate is the effect of vegetation and soils on carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations in the atmosphere. Vegetation can extract CO₂ through photosynthesis, but respiration, decay of soil organic matter and disturbance effects such as fire return it to the atmosphere. The balance of these processes is the net carbon flux. To estimate the biospheric carbon flux for England and Wales, we address the statistical problem of inference for the sum of multiple outputs from a complex deterministic computer code whose input parameters are uncertain. The code is a process model which simulates the carbon dynamics of vegetation and soils, including the amount of carbon that is stored as a result of photosynthesis and the amount that is returned to the atmosphere through respiration. The aggregation of outputs corresponding to multiple sites and types of vegetation in a region gives an estimate of the total carbon flux for that region over a period of time. Expert prior opinions are elicited for marginal uncertainty about the relevant input parameters and for correlations of inputs between sites. A Gaussian process model is used to build emulators of the multiple code outputs and Bayesian uncertainty analysis is then used to propagate uncertainty in the input parameters through to uncertainty on the aggregated output. Numerical results are presented for England and Wales in the year 2000. It is estimated that vegetation and soils in England and Wales constituted a net sink of 7.55 Mt C (1 Mt C = 10¹² g of carbon) in 2000, with standard deviation 0.56 Mt C resulting from the sources of uncertainty that are considered.     

杭州汽轮机厂计算机集成制造系统——HTW-CIMS

本文介绍了杭州汽轮机厂计算机集成制造系统HTW-CIMS的总体方案以及开发和应用该系统时遵循的技术路线。     

汉易卦气学论要

卦气学是西汉人将易卦与二十四气结合建构的占筮学体系，《周易》本经中本无卦气观念，故后世用卦 气学解经的种种说法皆为于经无据之妄说。卦气说的理论支撑为阴阳二气运行的原理、天人感应、五行生克及其派生的 五行运数原理。在两汉社会政治生活中卦气学实际是一些知识分子发表政见，参与政治斗争的工具。其理论形式虽存 在严重问题，但对中国古代气论哲学的发展有启示作用，并存续了先秦儒家的德治和仁政思想。卦气学与洪范庶征学有 密切关系。这种学问虽借用了历法知识，但对历法并没有什么积极意义。     

自然科学与基督教的关系探讨——以自然科学的起源和前沿为视角

文章首先通过分析自然科学与基督教方法论发展上的相似,来说明近代自然科学在本源上与基督教的紧密联系,论证了近代自然科学在基督教欧洲发生的必然性.其次通过阐述当代自然科学一些前沿问题的研究进展来证明自然科学和基督教世界观的内在一致性.最后试图以基督教和近代自然科学的关系为先导,提出一些具有现实价值的、值得各领域一起合作探索的问题.同时也希望本文能够纠正一些长久以来存在于人们脑海中由于特定宗教、文化和意识形态下以偏概全的观念.     

论"大科学"观

阐述了“大科学”的当代意蕴 ,认为当代“大科学”的突出特征是它的整体性。它以不断分化和高度综合为形成过程 ,以学科交叉文理渗透的多学科群为内生方式 ,以广泛的学术交流和大规模集体攻关为发展条件 ,以科学的整体参与协同解决全球问题为实现途径。哲学社会科学在大科学整体中价值凸现。树立大科学观必须扬弃陈旧狭隘的科学观 ,实现科学与人文的融合并进。     

高校扩招下工程图学的教学实践与探讨

文章分析了高校扩招给工程图学教学带来的困难 ,并实践和探讨了一种在保证教学质量的前提下提高教学效率的现代教学模式     

民国时期陕西棉麦良种改进的成就与经验

民国时期,陕西大规模引进、培育和推广棉麦良种,成效显著;到1945年,改良棉种植面积已占当年陕西植棉总面积的91%,良种小麦推广面积7年之内扩大100余倍,这不仅使陕西经济获益匪浅,也泽及全国,为抗战胜利做出了贡献。究其原因,一是引进和培育相结合,使良种推广保持在一个较高的水平;二是农事机关具有一定的权威性,能够协调各种组织、机构和农民一道促进良种推广;三是引入市场机制,刺激农民主动按科学方法推广良种。