FoxPro2.5开发计划生育管理信息系统

本文分析了微机ＤＢＭＳ———ＦｏｘＰｒｏ２．５的特点及其在开发应用系统的优势和不足,介绍了独立实现的计划生育管理信息系统,还就应用系统的实现方式,对比了事件驱动方式与传统的菜单驱动方式     

An access network design problem with end-to-end QoS constraints

In this paper, we present an access network design problem with end-to-end quality of service (QoS) requirement. The problem can be conceptualized as a two-level hierarchical location-allocation problem on the tree topology with nonlinear side constraints. The objective function of the nonlinear mixed integer programming model minimizes the total cost of switch and fiber cable, while satisfying demand within the prescribed level of QoS. By exploiting the inherent structure of the nonlinear QoS constraints, we develop linearization techniques for finding an optimal solution. Also, we devise an effective exact optimal algorithm within the context of disjunctive constraint generation. We present promising computational results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution procedure.     

转型期国有商业银行的软预算约束

我国国有银行在转型过程中依然保持着软预算约束,并没有建立消除大量不良贷款产生的机制。商业银行软预算约束并不是转型经济面临的特殊现象,但是我国国有商业银行的软预算约束则呈现出自身的特点和特殊的形成机理。软预算约束使银行行为发生扭曲,增加了财政负担,降低了货币政策的调控效率、中央银行的独立性和整个金融体系的稳定性,进而牵制了我国金融市场化改革进程,阻碍金融市场准入和利率的市场化。在政策取向上,国有商业银行改革应使股份制改造与商业化并行,改革的渐进性要求采取逐步引进外资参股、逐步降低信用集中度和逐步实现利率市场化的道路。     

金融约束政策下的金融发展与经济效率

 通过建立两部门模型,本文首先分析在租金分配的所有制偏好和国有企业的预算软约束特征下,我国金融规模扩张和金融效率提升对不同部门的资本形成和技术创新速度的影响,进而探讨金融约束政策下金融发展对经济效率的影响;接着以2000-2007年的省级面板数据为样本,采用系统广义矩估计方法考察了金融规模扩张和金融效率提高对我国经济效率的影响。实证结果表明,金融规模扩张对经济效率的影响不显著,金融效率提高对经济效率则有显著的促进作用。     

国际资本流动冲击有利于经济增长吗

本文估算并应用潜在产出描述经济增长,尝试从国际合作角度设定动态结构面板向量自回归模型,识别自发性国际资本流动的综合性结构冲击,并进一步分解为共同冲击和特有冲击,提出研究国际资本流动冲击对经济增长影响的计量思路,以金砖国家为例进行实证分析。研究发现：国际资本流动冲击对金砖各国经济增长的效应因资本账户开放进程而异,但对金砖整体经济增长存在正效应,且不为金砖各国之间的资本流动冲击所扰;将金砖国家视为以国际合作形式联合的整体进行计量分析是可行且有经济意义的。中国应推进包括金砖国家在内的全方位南南合作,不断完善资本账户开放条件,分散国际资本流动冲击并使其有利于长期共同发展。     

Reduced costs propagation in an efficient implicit enumeration for the 01 multidimensional knapsack problem

In a previous work we proposed a variable fixing heuristics for the 0-1 Multidimensional knapsack problem (01MDK). This approach uses fractional optima calculated in hyperplanes which contain the binary optimum. This algorithm obtained best lower bounds on the OR-Library benchmarks. Although it is very attractive in terms of results, this method does not prove the optimality of the solutions found and may fix variables to a non-optimal value. In this paper, we propose an implicit enumeration based on a reduced costs analysis which tends to fix non-basic variables to their exact values. The combination of two specific constraint propagations based on reduced costs and an efficient enumeration framework enable us to fix variables on the one hand and to prune significantly the search tree on the other hand. Experimentally, our work provides two main contributions: (1) we obtain several new optimal solutions on hard instances of the OR-Library and (2) we reduce the bounds of the number of items at the optimum on several harder instances.     

Multi-item inventory model with quantity-dependent inventory costs and demand-dependent unit cost under imprecise objective and restrictions: A geometric programming approach

A multi-item inventory model with constant demand and infinite replenishment is developed under the restrictions on storage area, total average shortage cost and total average inventory investment cost. These restrictions may be precise or imprecise. Here, it is assumed that inventory costs are directly proportional to the respective quantities, and unit purchase/production cost is inversely related to the demand. Restricted shortages are allowed but fully backlogged. First, the problem is formulated in crisp environment taking the deterministic and precise inventory parameters. It is solved by both geometric programming (GP) and gradient-based non-linear programming (NLP) methods. Later, the problem is formulated with fuzzy goals on constraints and objectives where impreciseness is introduced through linear membership functions. It is solved using the fuzzy geometric programming (FGP) method. The inventory models are illustrated with numerical values and compared with the crisp results. A sensitivity analysis on the optimum order quantity and average cost is also presented due to the variation in the tolerance of total average inventory investment cost and total average shortage cost following Dutta et al., 1993, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 55, 133-142.     

Improving throughput for an electronic assembly line using a constraint analysis methodology

Electronic assembly operations are vital to industries such as telecommunications, computers and consumer electronics. This paper presents a constraint analysis methodology for planning and improving electronic assembly operations that draws on concepts from queueing theory, simulation and production planning. The proposed methodology identifies the operational bottleneck and predicts the utilization, throughput and lead time of the assembly line. It also quantifies the relationship between yields and utilization for the assembly operations. A case study is presented that applies the methodology at an Ericsson, Inc., telecommunications equipment assembly facility. The constraint analysis methodology provided valuable decision support as the managers of Ericsson evaluated the costs and benefits of additional production capacity. Although the focus of this paper is electronic assembly operations, the methodology can be applied to general flow line assembly systems with feedback loops for test and rework under dedicated high-volume production.     

所有权与控制权分离问题再探讨--兼论我国国有资产管理体制改革的相关问题

本文从伯利和米恩斯提出的两权分离的命题出发,探讨了所有权与控制权产生分离的原因、控制权的本质以及所有权与控制权的整合方式,并将其应用到我国国有资产管理体制改革的研究中,提出了相关的政策建议.     

我国风险投资机构激励约束机制研究

20世纪80年代以来,为了解决"资本提供者-风险投资家"、"风险投资家-风险企业"之间的激励约束问题,美国等发达国家风险投资机构主要采取了有限合伙制的组织形式.目前,我国各省市风险投资机构的组织形式基本为事业型公司制,这一方面很难解决风险投资提供者与风险投资运作者之间的产权代理关系;另一方面导致较高的运行成本,使代理者与被代理者双方在投资运作方面存在信息不对称.因此,建立有限合伙制的风险投资机构,解决风险投资提供者与风险投资运作者之间的激励约束问题,是目前我国风险投资机构迫切需要解决的问题.