基于多元统计的城市设施综合评价研究

本文运用主成分分析和聚类分析两种综合评价相结合的方法,对我国31个省市2004年城市设施发展水平进行综合评价。首先,运用主成分分析法对各地区城市设施的水平进行排序,即综合排名;然后,运用聚类分析法对各地区进行划分、归类,反映出各地区在设施建设的各个方面在我国所处的大致水平以及存在的优势和不足。这对把握我国各地区城市的设施水平具有一定的参考价值,并可为各地区制定相应的城市设施建设发展战略提供科学的依据。     

Constraint-based model for the cyclic multi-hoists scheduling problem

This article presents a method for the resolution of a material handling scheduling problem. The case studied is a real industrial problem. It consists of finding a cyclic schedule for hoist movements in a treatment surface shop. In this kind of facility, several hoists are used for all the handling operations and they have to share common zones. Then it is necessary to control that there is no collision. The mathematical formulation of the problem is based on a combination of disjunctive constraints. The constraints describe either movement schedule or collision avoidance. The resolution procedure presented identifies all the collision configurations and then uses a branch and bound-like algorithm to find the optimal solution of a given problem. The language chosen for our implementation is the constraint logic programming language: Prolog IV, which is able to solve constraints with rational variables. It actively uses the constraint propagation mechanism that can be found in several languages.     

杭州市区社会养老设施现状及发展对策研究

人口老龄化使社会福利设施承受越来越大的压力,整合社会养老资源、适度发展老年社会福利设施成为应对人口老龄化挑战的重要措施之一。本文对杭州市区的社会养老设施(集中养老的机构设施)现状进行了调查,分析了存在的问题,借鉴国内外的经验并根据杭州的现实情况提出了杭州市区社会养老设施发展的对策建议。     

生活方式变迁下的城市环境设施设计研究

城市环境设施设计与人们的生活方式息息相关。在生活方式变迁的情况下进行城市环境设施设计,应该深入分析生活方式的变迁对环境设施产生的影响,并利用基于群体文化学方法对人们的生活方式进行实地研究,进而得出人们的真实需求、具体行为模式和心理特征并由此来指导环境设施设计。此外,还应从更广泛的背景上建立人-设施-环境-城市的有机系统。     

Capacity Investment Under Responsive Pricing: Implications of Market Entry Choice*

We consider a manufacturer’s new market entry problem when it already has some established facility in its existing market. We consider two common market entry strategies: the export strategy and the foreign direct investment (FDI) strategy. In the export strategy the firm increases the capacity at its existing facility and subsequently allocates the output to the existing and the new market dynamically, depending on realized market conditions. The export strategy is a flexible strategy. In the FDI strategy, the firm invests in a dedicated capacity to serve the new market only. The FDI strategy is a (partially) dedicated strategy. We study these two strategies from a planning perspective, that is, how the firm’s strategy choice influences the optimal capacity levels. We find that the firm’s strategy choice can significantly impact the optimal capacity investment levels. We prove, for example, that the firm may enter the new market in the export strategy but not in the FDI strategy, even if the capacity investment cost is identical in the existing and the new market. In addition, we prove that the firm may invest a strictly higher capacity level in the export strategy than that in the FDI strategy. We also prove that new market entry in the FDI strategy may strictly decrease the firm’s supply to its existing market but this is not so in the export strategy, and hence policy makers should carefully consider the implications of trade regulations on firms’ market entry choices.     

广州市人口分布与医疗卫生资源配置存在的问题

本文利用广州市第五次人口普查资料,分析了目前广州市医疗卫生资源配置与人口分布状况之间存在的问题,并提出了改进意见。     

人口年龄结构与社区服务设施规划配置指标研究——以上海市江湾、凉城社区控制性详细规划为例

在对上海市江湾、凉城社区公共服务设施配置现状分析的基础上，利用两区2000年人口统计数据，采用人口平移推算法，对未来15年社区人口年龄结构进行了预测，预测显示，期内人口结构发生了老年人口膨胀、学龄人口轻度萎缩的变化，据此对规划公共服务设施配置方面作出了相应的指标选择，即在有限的城市土地资源约束条件下，与老龄人口相关的设施应采用上位指标，与学龄人口相关的设施应采用下位指标。     

Impacts of buyers' order batching on the supplier's demand correlation and capacity utilization in a branching supply chain

There are several ways for a manufacturer to cope with demand uncertainty, e.g. inventories, capacity and cash. Among these, this study focuses on the second one, the capacity, especially on the problem of investing in flexible facilities and enhancing their utilization via demand management. In a supply chain, demands that an upstream firm (supplier) faces are the purchase orders from the downstream members (buyers). We analyse the impacts of buyers' order batching on the supplier's demand correlation and capacity utilization in a simple branching supply chain, where a supplier does business with two buyers whose market demands are correlated. Our results show that: (i) a supplier whofacesa smaller demand correlation coefficient (i.e. closer to-1) would invest more in flexible facilities; (ii) an increase in order lot size mitigates the correlation of purchase orders; and (iii) a supplier whose facilities are flexible would prefer frequent orders with smaller lots only when market demands are highly negatively correlated. This means that even suppliers whose facilities are flexible would rather prefer infrequent orders with larger lots in the presence of positively correlated demands. Additionally, some managerial implications are discussed.     

作为社会基础设施的民生保障体系建设

现有"社会基础设施"概念,大多是指有形的或实体形态的基础设施,而无形的或非实体形态的基础设施,迄今仍未受到足够重视;把包括民生保障体系在内的作为现代社会支撑基础的制度性设施,纳入"社会基础设施"概念的定义域,既有现实意义又有学理依据。"社会保障"概念已有历史形成的固定模式,且侧重于社会保障类传统项目,未能涵盖或容纳民生领域诸多重要方面,难以应对由当代风险社会所催生的诸多重大民生保障议题。依据基本民生需求内在逻辑来界定的"民生保障"概念,无论从保障对象还是从保障内容来看,都是一种既全面又普遍的相对平等的保障;有必要对目前归口不同部门分管的各类民生保障事项,进行系统化的整合和制度设计,避免因条块分割而导致制度缺失或空隙,形成面向所有社会群体或全体国民的可普遍分享且相对平等的民生保障体系。受传统经济发展观甚或"GDP发展观"影响,我国在民生保障领域的财政投入份额长期偏低,且原本有限的投入大多花在各类"民生工程"或硬件设施上,它们只是民生保障的必要物质条件或载体,而各种非实体形态的制度性基础设施,才是民生保障体系的核心所在;应从现代社会重要基石或基础设施的意义上,重新审视民生保障体系建设的必要性和重要性,以及民生领域资源投入的生产性或创造性。     

Locating Facilities in the Presence of Disruptions and Incomplete Information*

In this article, we analyze a location model where facilities may be subject to disruptions. Customers do not have advance information about whether a given facility is operational or not, and thus may have to visit several facilities before finding an operational one. The objective is to locate a set of facilities to minimize the total expected cost of customer travel. We decompose the total cost into travel, reliability, and information components. This decomposition allows us to put a value on the advance information about the states of facilities and compare it to the reliability and travel cost components, which allows a decision maker to evaluate which part of the system would benefit the most from improvements. The structure of optimal solutions is analyzed, with two interesting effects identified: facility centralization and co‐location; both effects appear to be stronger than in the complete information case, where the status of each facility is known in advance.