A “shift in attitude”? Institutional change and sexual and gender-based crimes at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia

ABSTRACT

The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) has been slow to address sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) crimes perpetrated during the Democratic Kampuchea regime. However, there appears to have been a tentative “shift in attitude” at the ECCC toward the investigation and prosecution of these crimes. This article draws on feminist institutionalist theories, first to explain the ECCC’s initial failure to prioritize SGBV and then to explain how and why this may have changed. The article suggests that such change has not arisen from the ECCC’s formal rules. Instead, various actors working with and around these “old rules” have drawn on these provisions, civil society initiatives and international and national gender norms to modify “informal” practices concerning the prosecution of SGBV at the ECCC. Sensitivity to SGBV is particularly important in hybrid, or internationalized, international criminal structures, which may be hindered by prohibitive practices emerging from both the international and national components of the institution.     

一类带耗散项非线性波动问题的研究

对一类带耗散项非线性波动方程进行了研究,用“参数微分法”,得到其解析近似解。其结果可用于研讨摄动对原物理问题的解的影响,类似的问题在许多动力学问题物理解的数值定性分析及应用WKB方处理时也会常遇到。     

An EOQ inventory model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration,ramp type demand rate and partial backlogging

In this paper, an EOQ inventory model is presented depleted not only by demand but also by Weibull distribution deterioration, in which the demand rate is assumed that with a ramp type function of time. In the model, shortages are allowed partial backlogging and the backlogging rate is variable and is dependent on waiting time for the next replenishment. The method is illustrated by three numerical examples, and sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to parameters of the system is carried out.     

双子星座：浙商钱庄与晋商票号的考量

早在春秋时代的越国就有一些精于经商之道的人;唐代从事商业者,有商贾之别;到明清时期便涌现出以地域联系为特征的各式商人集团,鼎足相拥的无非晋商、浙江宁绍商和徽商。其中宁绍商开设的钱庄和晋商经营的票号犹如浩瀚夜空里璀璨的双子星座。钱庄和票号的起源虽然有别,业务经营的走向上却逐步趋同,可谓＂异源同业＂,成为华夏商业发展史尤其是金融发展史上的重要里程碑。     

Multi-item production lot-size inventory model with varying order cost under a restriction: A geometric programming approach

In this paper we present a geometric programming approach for determining the inventory policy for multiple items having varying order cost, which is a continuous function of the order quantity, and a limit on the total average inventory of all items. Our model is a generalization of that of Gupta and Gupta for unrestricted single-item order quantity model with varying order cost and assumes the same order cost function. This cost function relates well to real-life situations since it increases as the order quantity increases and, at the same time, it is easy to handle when deducing previous work as special cases of our model since it is easily reducible to a constant. An example is solved to illustrate the method.     

关于沈荩与“沈荩案”若干史实的补证

沈荩于自立军起义后在京津地区曾先后由刘鹗安排在北京的掩埋局和<天津日日新闻>报馆工作,他并没有担任记者,也没有利用记者身份向八国联军告密使载漪、启秀等被处死.被称为<中俄密约>的俄国"七条"要求并非由沈荩"以侦探手段得之"而揭露于报端.因此关于沈荩因揭露<中俄密约>而获罪,致被清廷杖毙的说法是不能成立的.     

A step-by-step guide to the identification of an appropriate computer-aided production management system

The increasing dissatisfaction of users with their Computer-aided production management &amp;lpar;CAPM&amp;rpar; systems has been widely reported. This dissatisfaction led the UK&amp;apos;s Science and Engineering Research Council to initiate a major study to improve CAPM systems use. The research results presented here form part of the overall initiative and focus on the development of a set of guiding principles for companies seeking to implement appropriate CAPM systems. The research team have identified three key elements that must be considered when implementing a CAPM system. First, that CAPM implementation can be eased if the overall manufacturing-system is first simplified. Second, we recognize that even then most companies will still require a computerized solution thus any methodology must include a software specification. Third, the overall performance of the system may be enhanced by changes to the infrastructure that supports the software. In attempting to meet these requirements the research team developed a four-stage methodology. The first two stages of the methodology deal primarily with the strategic context for CAPM, i.e. the simplification. The last two stages develop a software specification and present guidelines for the development of appropriate infrastructure configurations.     

试论《彝族克智译注》的语言艺术特色

《彝族克智译注》是一部文化内涵厚重的民间口头论辩诗歌精粹,既有较高的研究价值,又对教育后代有着极为重要的作用。本文以《彝族克智译注》中的婚礼克智为例,对其语言艺术表现形式进行考察和分析,从而了解和把握彝族克智的民俗事项和独特魅力。     

The SAS Macro-Program %AnaQol to Estimate the Parameters of Item Responses Theory Models

The analysis of quality of life questionnaires is taking a great importance in clinical research. Usual and general statistical packages like SAS do not allow users to perform classical analysis of items or to estimate parameters of most used models in this specific field: the practitioners must use various specific software to analyze a quality of life scale. In this article, we present an easy to use SAS macro-program that enables SAS users to obtain classical indices, usual graphical representations, and estimation of parameters of five usual Item Response models. We illustrate capabilities of our macro-program by presenting some practical real Quality of Life examples.     

乡村话语与观念、记忆——以苏北倚宿村送活殡事件为例

与固定自足的文字记载相比,乡村口头话语具有开放的多样性解释空间。通过对近百年前基督徒送活殡事件的调查分析,本文认为在众多的口头叙述中,有可能存在一种主流的乡村话语,执着地绵延于当地的日常生活中。乡村社会与文化中的传统知识与观念以及在此语境下印刻的集体记忆,是凝结主流话语的根本力量。