清末社会维护领海渔业权活动考察

自20世纪初年开始，列强觊觎中国沿海渔业资源，在中国近海侵渔，侵害了中国领海渔业权，这引起了中国社会的关注。在反对外人侵渔的过程中，清末中国社会催生了领海渔业权意识。当时日本对华侵渔最明显，引起中国朝野抗议。除日本对华侵渔外，德国亦在胶州湾租借地开设渔业公司。这引起了部分中国人的警觉。为抵制外人侵渔，在张謇等人倡导下，清末中国社会兴起创办新式渔业公司的热潮。这对中国领海观念的形成具有重要影响，促使部分官员形成比较明确的领海渔业权观念。之后不久，张謇等人又在商部积极支持下参加了意大利米兰渔业赛会，试图向世界展示中国渔业界自保利权、维护海权的形象。尽管未能真正有效维护海权，但当时中国社会维护渔业权的努力仍值得肯定。     

Who captures the marks for the Petersen estimator?

Summary.  We examine the claim that the well-known Petersen estimator which is used in population size estimation was not in fact used by the scientist after whom it is named. We show how, in the early years of the last century, the modern use of the Petersen estimator grew from that of the fishing coefficient. Contending with the somewhat conflicting claims that were made at the time, and what by modern standards is poor referencing of sources, we investigate where the credit lies for these concepts, and the principles and protocols which support them. We assess also how far attributions of credit were affected by practical considerations, and the history of the estimator by the nature of the problems being pursued. We identify scientists whose early work on marking and estimating fish populations deserves more credit than it has received.     

壁山神研究

壁山神源自唐赵延之,而非梓潼神。自唐以来,壁山神崇信不断。宋元战争中,壁山神的军事辅佑功能凸显。钓鱼城之战后,其影响和地位达到极致,甚至被拉入道教神籍。元明清时期,壁山神事迹模糊,成为合州铜梁土主,但其信仰范围早已自合州扩大到整个四川,成为巴蜀大地共同尊信的著名神。     

中国北方渔猎民族的历史演变

本文利用丰富的文献,论述了历史上对北方渔猎民族的国家治理情况,重点论述了清与清后国家治理及其发展。本文认为,新中国建立后,北方渔猎民族得到了实质性发展,内部结构彻底改变,但同时指出,由于历史发展的局限性和规律性作用,渔猎民族在现代化发展过程中,存在着与其他同类民族相似的问题。     

海王之国:齐国的海洋经济文化

春秋战国时期,诸侯争霸,逐鹿问鼎。齐国由姜太公受封时的方圆百里的小国,发展成后来的"膏壤二千里"、"粟如丘山"的东方滨海大国,历时八百年,谱写了史书上的辉煌篇章。纵观齐国国力强盛的原因,其中最根本的是齐国充分开发利用"鱼盐之利舟楫之便"的海洋资源,发展海洋经济。齐国之所以成为春秋五霸之首,与齐国的海洋经济文化是不可分割的。就齐国海洋经济文化之海洋渔业文化、海洋盐业文化、舟楫航海文化和丝绸商贸文化四个方面初步探讨。     

Stress at sea: A review of working conditions in the offshore oil and fishing industries

Abstract

This paper reviews the literature available on the psychosocial aspects of the offshore oil and fishing industries. Both work sectors present unique problems for their employees and these are discussed with reference to risk and safety, accidents and injuries, occupational stressors, marriage and family life, noise, alcohol and drug abuse and personality. The paper concludes that although both occupations are intrinsically different, some psychosocial similarities can be observed.     

试论清阙名《进瓜记》传奇对“刘全进瓜故事”的改造

今藏上海图书馆的抄本《进瓜记》传奇,因署名为＂王昆玉＂,故学界多以其为明祁彪佳《远山堂曲品》所著录者。事实上,种种迹象表明此剧应为清代作品,它与明张大复传奇《钓鱼船》有明显承继关系,但叙事重心有所转移。对二者的比照研究颇有意义：可以返观《西游记》小说与戏曲的微妙互动,纠正以往研究中＂戏曲为小说注脚＂的习见偏差。     

Resource management and fertility in Mexico’s Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Campos</Emphasis>, cash,and contraception in the lobster-fishing village of Punta Allen

This case study examines the link between marine resource management, and the universal contraceptive use among married couples in the lobster-fishing village of Punta Allen, located in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Several reasons appear to contribute to small desired and actual family sizes. Some of these include a medical clinic staff effective in promoting family planning, cooperative and private resource ownership, changing cultural attitudes, geographical limitations to population and economic growth, and a desire to conserve the environment for aesthetic and economic motives. Lastly, families desired to preserve a sustained balance between benefiting from lobster harvests today and safeguarding this marine resource for their children in the future.

The Influence of Weather Conditions on the Relative Incident Rate of Fishing Vessels

There is a long history of studying the relationship between weather and maritime activities. This article analyzes the link between relative incident rate (RIR) and general weather factors within certain gridded areas and time periods. The study area, which encompasses a broad extent of Atlantic Canadian waters, includes fishing incidents recorded by the Canadian Coast Guard from 1997 to 1999. Methodologies used for traffic track generation in a geographical information system and aggregation of all relevant weather data needed for the statistical analyses are presented. Ultimately, a regression tree was built to illustrate the relationship between incident rate and the following six weather factors: wave height; sea surface temperature; air temperature; ice concentration; fog presence; and precipitation. Results from the regression tree reveal that the RIR defined as (incident number per area-day)/(traffic amount per area-day) across grid cells with incidents, increases as the weather conditions deteriorate in a general way, and the concentration of ice has the biggest influence on the magnitude of incident rates for a given level of traffic exposure. The results from this analysis may assist administrators of maritime traffic, especially those associated with fishing activities, through a better understanding of the influence on RIR of certain weather conditions within given areas in specific time periods.     

洞庭渔歌的界定及其分类研究

洞庭渔歌作为一个歌种,其文化内涵已经超越了一个区域音乐歌曲种类的边界,成为一个地方音乐文化的标签。从歌曲概念扩展到歌舞、舞蹈、文学剧本的名称,其意义已经不是一个区域歌曲的统称,而是一个区域文化的美学象征。要理解洞庭渔歌,必须从日常生活和学术研究两个层面理解,必须从广义和狭义两个方面给予界定,从多方面进行分类研究,理清其历史的边界和当下的使用范围,让本区域之外的人,历史地了解和理解这一区域音乐文化概念,研究洞庭渔歌的概念及其分类主要是为了确立其研究范畴,划定研究疆域,理清审美界限,推进洞庭渔歌研究走向深化、细化、科学化。