Validation of immigrants’ prior foreign learning as a framing practice

This paper explores the attempts by public officials and caseworkers to manage an overflow of immigrants in the labour market in Sweden. I draw on notions of framing and overflowing, inspired by Michel Callon's (1998) work on the organizing of market-based exchange relationships. I argue that validation is best understood as a framing practice, aimed at creating an understanding for the vastness of foreign experience – including skills and competence – of recent immigrants to Sweden, to make this experience measurable and manageable. Validation as a framing practice thereby exemplifies the widespread trust in framing as a way to normalise overflows – to turn overflows into normal flows. However, as the ethnography-inspired study reported here shows, repeated framing does not remove overflows; instead, it produces new and different types of overflows. In the conclusions, I emphasise the heavy investments required by validation in contrast with the fragility of the results it produces in the context of migration management.     

壮族通灵巫师的组织流派及其他——壮族巫信仰研究系列论文之三

壮族巫师群体散布于各地民间,与正统的宗教团体组织相比,其组织形式是松散的,但是,有其特殊的民间组织形式。另外,巫师有独特的行头和巫具,在壮族社会中也有一定的影响。     

动态组织能力与企业组织的创新和演进

世界经济发展的历史和现实表明,企业组织创新和演进是一国或地区企业和产业国际竞争力提升的重要来源。无论是新古典经济学的价格理论还是作为其补充和发展的交易成本经济学,都把企业组织创新和演进看作是外生的。而作为民间协调机制的重要组成部分,现实的企业组织创新和演进是内生的,是企业应对外部环境变化、积累动态组织能力、进行新业务扩张和获得持续竞争优势的过程。在快速的经济转型和国际化进程中,企业组织创新是中国制造业发展和国际竞争力提升的重要途径。实施包括组织创新在内的创新性竞争战略,是中国经济持续增长和发展的根本源泉。     

Gendering (Trans)National Advocacy

Whether lauded or deplored, transnational organizing among non-governmental organizations (NGOs) generally, and women's NGOs specifically, is recognized as an active player in debates about international economic policy. In this article, I turn attention toward one consequence of women's transnational NGO organizing that has been under-analyzed: the impact that transnational activism has on domestic political organizations and opportunities. The recent increase in activism on gender and policies of free trade in the USA is the product of women's transnational political organizingover the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In the case of NAFTA, theoretical insights about the ways that gendered categories undergird the economy were made visible by and through the transnational advocacy in which feminists engaged.And, this article indicates, these transnational advocacy efforts have helped to shift the domestic political terrain of women's organizing in the United States. I argue that as women's rights advocates in the United States were confronted with the realization that the nexus between gender and trade policy was important to many women's rights and feminist activists around the world, they began to question why the gendered implication of trade policy did not hold a comparable place in the US feminist arena. Thus, changes in the domestic political landscape of non-governmentalactivismmay be one of the longest lasting (and most overlooked) consequences of transnational political engagement.     

Transcending Nations

While the literature on 'transnational advocacy networks' is beginning to unfold in different world regions, little attention has been given to cross-border organizing strategies that occur within borderlands as regions.In these spaces,networks can flourish through kinship, personal friendships, organizational coalitions, and official bodies. This article argues that cross-border organizing is a variant of 'local politics,' but that it presents far great obstacles than either transnational strategies or typical local politics due to multiple political institutions and ensuing complexity and accountability problems. At the US-Mexico border, other challenges emerge given economic poverty, limited civic capacity, and bi-national inequalities. This article provides a conceptual framework to compare cross-border organizing experiences with and without an institutional shroud that legitimizes activists'claims,exercises authority, and distributes resources.     

浅论大学文化与大学精神

大学文化与大学精神是当下学术界的热门话题，本文从分析文化、组织文化与大学文化的性质和特征入手，通过对大学文化与大学精神研究已有成果的梳理，从文化个性是现代大学的本质特征，大学精神是大学文化的灵魂，大学理念是大学内部管理与运转的哲学基础，符合逻辑地论证了大学呈现的是一种“有组织的无政府状态”。     

大学图书馆数字资源组织体系探索

本文主要论述了大学图书馆的各种数字资源的组织与描述体系。     

Product Positioning Using a Self‐Organizing Map and the Rings of Influence

In this article, we propose a new product positioning method based on the neural network methodology of a self‐organizing map. The method incorporates the concept of rings of influence, where a firm evaluates individual consumers and decides on the intensity to pursue a consumer, based on the probability that this consumer will purchase a competing product. The method has several advantages over earlier work. First, no limitations are imposed on the number of competing products and second, the method can position multiple products in multiple market segments. Using simulations, we compare the new product positioning method with a quasi‐Newton method and find that the new method always approaches the best solution obtained by the quasi‐Newton method. The quasi‐Newton method, however, is dependent on the initial positions of the new products, with the majority of cases ending in a local optimum. Furthermore, the computational time required by the quasi‐Newton method increases exponentially, while the time required by the new method is small and remains almost unchanged, when the number of new products positioned increases. We also compute the expected utility that a firm will provide consumers by offering its products. We show that as the intensity with which a firm pursues consumers increases, the new method results in near‐optimal solutions in terms of market share, but with higher expected utility provided to consumers when compared to that obtained by a quasi‐Newton method. Thus, the new method can serve as a managerial decision‐making tool to compare the short‐term market share objective with the long‐term expected utility that a firm will provide to consumers, when it positions its products and intensifies its effort to attract consumers away from competition.     

The union within the union: Filipinos,Mexicans, and the racial integration of the farm worker movement

Throughout the twentieth century, California farm workers endeavored to build viable farm labor unionism. In 1966, Filipino and Mexican farm workers merged their respective farm labor unions, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee and the National Farm workers Association, which laid the foundational base for the United Farm Workers of America (UFW). The merger constituted a moment of interracial unity, which Filipinos and Mexicans had previously lacked; by 1970 the UFW would negotiate landmark collective bargaining agreements. This article demonstrates how Filipinos and Mexicans resolved deeply rooted racial division and that doing so built a path to successful farm labor mobilization. The study complements previous farm worker scholarship that concentrates on exogenous causal factors of success by drawing focus to endogenous causal factors, particularly racial identity within the movement.     

深化与拓展：参与式发展的本土化探索—甘肃雨田农村发展论坛会议评述

参与式发展自20世纪90年代引入中国之后，广泛应用于NGO所开展的农村发展项目中，并取得了显著的效果。但由于实践经验的缺乏和反思不足，使参与式方法的应用越来越技术化、模式化和教条化，面临着本土化的困境。为了探索参与式发展的本土化之路，深化与拓展参与式发展的视域，2008年12月6日在兰州顺利召开了甘肃雨田农村发展论坛，就“参与式发展与本土化”、“农民组织化与发展”、“拓展发展的视野”等主题进行了卓有成效的讨论。