Catalogue of Group Structures for Three-level Fractional Factorial Designs

Taguchi (1959) introduced the concept of split-unit design to sort the factors into different groups depending upon the difficulties involved in changing the levels of factors. Li et al. (1991) renamed it as split-plot design. Chen et al. (1993) have given a catalogue of small designs for two- and three-level fractional factorial designs pertaining to a single type of factors. Aggarwal et al. (1997) have given a catalogue of group structure for two-level fractional factorial designs developed under the concept of split-plot design. In this paper, an algorithm has been developed for generating group structure and possible allocations for various 3^n-k fractional factorial designs.     

交易获利机会损失的侵权损害赔偿

法经济学的一种通行观点认为,交易获利机会的损失在相当大的程度上并非"真实社会成本",而仅仅是不同市场主体之间的转移支付,因此原则上否定此种交易获利机会赔偿的侵权法规则具有合理性。提出该观点的早期文献系统性低估了交易获利机会损失事件引发的"真实社会成本"。实际上,如果坚持使用"真实社会成本"概念对侵权法规则进行分析,最终甚至会导致对物之损害赔偿的传统规则的正当性也发生疑问。适宜的作法是放弃"真实社会成本"概念而代之以"相对社会成本"概念,原则上将成本——收益分析限定于加害人与被害人之间的关系。按照此种思路,除第三人提供交易机会所导致的或具有合同法救济渠道的交易获利机会损失需要特殊处理外,并无效率方面的原则性理由支持侵权法一般性地排除交易获利机会损失的可赔性。     

通辽市近45年农业水资源变化分析

分析了通辽市近４５ 年降水、潜在蒸散及农田水分盈亏的变化,结果表明：年降水量在周期变化中具有减小的趋势,年降水量的稳定性增加,潜在蒸散波动上升。本世纪６０ 年代以来,春旱有所缓减,秋旱有所加剧     

Vehicle routing–scheduling for municipal waste collection system under the “Keep Trash off the Ground” policy

This paper investigates the waste collection problem and characterizes the problem as a set-covering and vehicle routing problem (VRP) complicated by inter-arrival time constraints. The study proposes a bi-level optimization formulation to model the split delivery VRP with multiple trips to determine the minimum-distance route. The first stage optimally plans the collection points that cover all residential blocks. The second stage applies a heuristics method to solve the minimum vehicles used and minimum distance traveled for collecting residential waste. This research contributes to model this period VRP and to introduce the heuristics method to solve the problem efficiently. The study is important in laying the groundwork for understanding the possibility of improving the service level of municipal solid waste collection.     

Exact permutation inference for two sample repeated measures data

Experiments in which very few units are measured many times sometimes present particular difficulties. Interest often centers on simple location shifts between two treatment groups, but appropriate modeling of the error distribution can be challenging. For example, normality may be difficult to verify, or a single transformation stabilizing variance or improving normality for all units and all measurements may not exist. We propose an analysis of two sample repeated measures data based on the permutation distribution of units. This provides a distribution free alternative to standard analyses. The analysis includes testing, estimation and confidence intervals. By assuming a certain structure in the location shift model, the dimension of the problem is reduced by analyzing linear combinations of the marginal statistics. Recently proposed algorithms for computation of two sample permutation distributions, require only a few seconds for experiments having as many as 100 units and any number of repeated measures. The test has high asymptotic efficiency and good power with respect to tests based on the normal distribution. Since the computational burden is minimal, approximation of the permutation distribution is unnecessary.     

A simple method to obtain minimum aberration split-plot designs

ABSTRACT

Split-plot designs have been utilized in factorial experiments with some factors applied to larger units and others to smaller units. Such designs with low aberration are preferred when the experimental size and the number of factors considered in both whole plot and subplot are determined. The minimum aberration split-plot designs can be obtained using either computer algorithms or the exhausted search. In this article, we propose a simple, easy-to-operate approach by using two ordered sequences of columns from two orthogonal arrays in obtaining minimum aberration split-plot designs for experiments of sizes 16 and 32.     

关于构成侵犯著作权罪应否需要“以营利为目的”的理性思考——兼评《关于办理侵犯知识产权刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》中的相关规定

关于构成侵犯著作权罪应否需要"以营利为目的",学界形成了"取消论"和"保留论"两种意见。双方各有一定道理,但是不足之处也很明显。妥当的做法应当是从"批评"和"固守"走向"解释",通过对"以营利为目的"的扩大解释,可以有效规制市场秩序,实现法律效果与社会效果的统一。事实上,新近出台的《关于办理侵犯知识产权刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》也采取了这种立场。这体现着对作者利益与公共利益的平衡,对社会进步与人权保障的平衡,以及对著作权法保护与刑法保护的平衡。     

Profit-oriented productivity change

This study develops an applicable profit-oriented productivity indicator when producers pursue profit maximization and can recognize input and output prices. We define the indicator, inspired by the Luenberger indicator and the Nerlovian efficiency measurement, in terms of both quantity distance functions and profit. Hence, the study׳s first stage decomposes the profit-oriented productivity change into two terms: profit efficiency change and profit technology change. Second, we decompose profit efficiency change into the changes in technical efficiency and allocative efficiency. Finally, profit technology change is separated into two components for capturing the shifts of technology and relative output/input prices. These decompositions provide a more complete picture of the sources of productivity change. We illustrate them with a sample of Taiwanese banks and compute the results using the models of directional distance functions.     

上市公司报表粉饰方式及相应审计策略

本文以上市公司利润操纵案例为背景 ,对我国上市公司利润操纵的以下方式 :利用显失公允的关联交易、伪造单据虚构经济业务、滥用会计政策假账真算 ,进行了详实的描述。上市公司报表粉饰的防范与审计研究是本文研究的最终目的所在 ,本文针对上市公司利润操纵的表现形式 ,从多层面提出了防范上市公司报表粉饰的审计策略。     

经济改革过程中的金融维持机制分析

任何成功的改革都有一种内在机制补偿着改革进程中的成本付出或利益损失 ,从而在客观上成为支撑社会结构变迁的内在整合力量。本文从金融角度出发 ,对中国“三位一体”的运作机制进行了分析 ,认为中国经济改革推进是在货币化收益、国家垄断信用和非国有经济金融剩余创造“三位一体”的维持机制支撑下前行的。同时 ,认为这种维持机制也暴露出了一些弊端 ,并提出未来改革维持机制的新思路