How do policy levers shape the quality of a national health system?

Poor quality of care may have a detrimental effect on access and take-up and can become a serious barrier to the universality of health services. This consideration is of particular interest in view of the fact that health systems in many countries must address a growing public-sector deficit and respond to increasing pressures due to COVID-19 and aging population, among other factors. In line with a rapidly emerging literature, we focus on patient satisfaction as a proxy for quality of health care. Drawing on rich longitudinal and cross-sectional data for Spain and multilevel estimation techniques, we show that in addition to individual level differences, policy levers (such as public health spending and the patient-doctor ratio, in particular) exert a considerable influence on the quality of a health care system. Our results suggest that policymakers seeking to enhance the quality of care should be cautious when compromising the level of health resources, and in particular, health personnel, as a response to economic downturns in a sector that traditionally had insufficient human resources in many countries, which have become even more evident in the light of the current health crisis. Additionally, we provide evidence that the increasing reliance on the private health sector may be indicative of inefficiencies in the public system and/or the existence of features of private insurance which are deemed important by patients.     

Is the Way Young People Drive a Reflection of the Way Their Parents Drive? An Econometric Study of the Relation Between Parental Risk and Their Children's Risk

This article aims to investigate parental influence on high-risk behavior by young people. Although research on the topic of perception of risk demonstrates that it is socially constructed, the role of the family in this construction has rarely been studied. Using a French national survey of more than 1,200 young drivers between the ages of 18 and 25, and their parents, we attempt to understand the transmission of risk within families. Our econometric study shows that parents influence both the practices and representations of their children. When parental norms and values are transmitted, they are by no means accepted in a wholly passive way. Indeed, the parental model is in competition with other models that originate from both inside the family (brothers and sisters) and outside it (instructors). Furthermore, parental influence decreases over time as young people become more experienced drivers and construct their own identity with regard to risk.     

民航顾客资产驱动因素与顾客满意感和忠诚感关系的实证研究

作者在我国17个民航公司进行了一次实证研究,探讨顾客资产驱动因素和子驱动因素与顾客满意感、归属感和忠诚感的关系。聚类分析与罗吉斯蒂回归分析结果表明,资产价值不同的两类顾客对各类顾客资产驱动因素与子驱动因素的评估存在显著的差异,对民航公司的满意感、归属感和忠诚感也存在显著的差异。顾客对民航公司的满意感、归属感和忠诚感主要是由各类顾客资产驱动因素和子驱动因素决定的,而并非是由顾客的人口统计特点决定的。因此作者指出,民航公司可根据顾客重视的顾客资产驱动因素与子驱动因素细分顾客,针对不同的顾客采取不同的营销策略。     

完善作业成本法，提高其可应用性

在实际应用中作业成本法对各作业的成本动因的追溯并未做到真正的溯本求源 ,完善作业成本法 ,提高其可应用性关键在于对实际应用中存在的问题进行改进。针对动因的无法穷尽性 ,寻找替代动因 ;针对较高的实施成本 ,进行动因合并。     

公司社会责任之提升

营利性是公司的唯一目标,但这一元目标日渐受到公司社会责任的挑战。社会责任是公司属性之一,而不是与营利性并重为公司的又一元目标。在实现利润最大化的同时,公司应负有维护和增进社会利益的义务。公司社会责任的理念和实践日益提升。     

Deregulation,bank efficiency and economic cooperation across China–Taiwan Strait

This study investigates whether deregulation has affected bank efficiency in the ‘cross-strait’ relationship between China and Taiwan. I measure bank efficiency across three periods – after Taiwan and China joined the World Trade Organization, the global financial crisis, and the signing of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) – and show that Taiwanese banks were significantly more efficient than their Chinese counterparts. These results show that the ECFA platform has not improved bank efficiency and thus has failed to function effectively. This finding suggests that China and Taiwan should continue negotiating within the ECFA context to enhance cross-strait financial cooperation.     

作业成本动因选择、合并与评价的系统方法构建

目前学术界关于作业成本动因选择与合并的研究,缺乏对动因留选与留选个数的探讨,而关于对成本动因选择合并的评价的研究未见。可以通过聚类分析建立模型,得到成本动因的相关类,再结合主成分分析指导留选动因的个数,最终确定留选动因,并首次建立评价动因选择与合并优劣性的主成分分析模型。实证分析表明,此系统方法更好地解决了成本动因选择与合并的问题,相同数据下该方法比矩阵理论与距离聚类分析结果更优,作业成本管理系统的复杂性与信息成本显著降低。本文为作业成本动因的选择与合并以及评价提供了一套系统方法。     

高速铁路司机胜任素质和工作经验对安全绩效影响研究

通过分析高速铁路司机胜任素质、工作经验和安全绩效的相关性,运用层次回归分析,对工作经验的调节作用进行探讨,可知高速铁路司机专业胜任素质对安全绩效有正向预测作用,但基础胜任素质与安全绩效不存在显著相关性。高速铁路司机工作经验和安全绩效不存在显著相关性,但工作经验在高速铁路司机专业胜任素质与安全绩效关系中起到调节作用。     

论执行性成本动因对成本的作用机理

员工参与、全面质量管理、联系、生产能力利用率和时机选择等执行性成本动因对企业营运成本有重大影响;深入分析执行性成本动因各构成要素对成本的作用机理,不仅能够发现隐藏在生产过程之外诱导企业成本发生的真因,而且也可以为设计执行性成本动因控制策略提供依据;极有利于企业战略成本动因控制。     

A Qualitative Exploration of Self-Regulation Behaviors Among Older Drivers

While much of the research on aging and driving has focused on sensory and motor changes, little is known about older drivers and the actual self-regulation adjustments they employ to continue driving safely. This research looks at how older drivers have made changes to driving patterns and behaviors that have allowed them to continue to drive without compromising their perceived safety, independence, and quality of life. Nine focus groups were held with older men and women aged 58 to 89 years. Some of the major themes that emerged were the following: older adults are very aware of age-related changes to driving; they perceive that self-regulation behaviors change with age; and they view transportation alternatives as limited or nonexistent. Policy implications include developing functional transit programs for older adults and car manufacturer training workshops to educate older adults on the safety features of newly purchased automobiles.