杭州汽轮机厂计算机集成制造系统——HTW-CIMS

本文介绍了杭州汽轮机厂计算机集成制造系统HTW-CIMS的总体方案以及开发和应用该系统时遵循的技术路线。     

An exploratory study of manufacturing strategy practices of machinery manufacturing companies in India

This paper presents findings of a survey on manufacturing strategy practices adopted by the Indian machinery manufacturing companies (IMMC). Based on the survey, three companies have been selected for detailed case studies. Their experiences in the manufacturing strategy process are analyzed. Although the companies represented diversity in terms of product type, sales volume, and geographic location, they share several commonalties including use of advanced manufacturing technologies and use of several improvement techniques. The process of strategy formulation varied among the companies in terms of participants, complexity and degree of formalization. Competitive priorities, order winners and critical success factors are also identified for these companies. Based on strategic manufacturing issues, manufacturing competence index and business performance index for the companies has been worked out.     

An assessment of GRAI Grids and their use in the Strathclyde Integration Method

The purpose of this paper is to present a critical assessment of GRAI Grids as a tool for improved manufacturing integration. GRAI Grids, a key component of the GRAI approach, form an integral part of the Strathclyde Integration Method SIM for manufacturing integration. The contribution of the paper is thus to provide a 'third party' view of the effectiveness of GRAI Grids as a modelling tool. The paper presents a brief overview of the GRAI approach, concentrating particularly on the Grids, and an overview of SIM, showing how GRAI Grids are used. The main section of the paper presents an assessment and critique of GRAI Grids. Several benefits and limitations of the Grid as used in SIM and some suggestions for extensions are presented. The paper concludes that the use of the GRAI Grid, within a methodology, provides a unique insight into the behaviour and design of manufacturing information systems and that those who criticize the technique perhaps do so from a lack of awareness of its concepts, principles and advantages.     

Evaluation of scheduling strategies for a dynamic job shop in a tool-shared,flexible manufacturing environment

A two-phase approach is used to examine the impact of job scheduling rules and tool selection policies for a dynamic job shop system in a tool-shared, flexible manufacturing environment. The first phase develops a generalized simulation model and analyses 'simple' job scheduling rules and tool selection policies under various operating scenarios. The results from this investigation are then used to develop and analyse various bi-criteria rules in the second phase of this study. The results show that the scheduling rules have the most significant impact on system performance, particularly at high shop load levels. Tool selection policies affect some of the performance measures, most notably, proportion of tardy jobs, to a lesser degree. Higher machine utilizations can be obtained at higher tool duplication levels but at the expense of increased tooling costs and lower tool utilization. The results also show that using different processing time distributions may have a significant impact on shop performance.     

我国制造业集聚变迁与全要素生产率增长研究

本文选取我国29个省市区和17个制造行业1990～2009年的面板数据,对相对专业化与相对多样化集聚度进行了计算及变迁分析,利用Malmquist指数测算了全要素生产率的增长,并分析了产业集聚变迁对全要素生产率的影响。结果表明:我国东部地区呈现多样化与专业化集聚均衡发展的特征,而中西部地区则具有相对较高的专业化集聚水平,呈现产业结构单一化与非均衡化;东部地区全要素生产率增长较快,中西部地区相对滞后;相对专业化与多样化集聚对东部、中部与西部地区的影响存在地区差异。基于此,本文提出了加快产业结构调整、实施均衡的区域发展政策和提高经济组织制度绩效的政策建议。     

Effects of key enabling technologies for seru production on sustainable performance

Demand uncertainty, economic globalization, and environmental deterioration force factories to innovate their manufacturing systems for achieving sustainable performance. Seru production, which is the latest manufacturing mode developed in Japan, attracts broad attention from both academia and practitioners. The overwhelming majority of existing works on seru production focus on economic performance unilaterally, while neglecting the environmental and social performance. This paper investigates the effects of key enabling technologies for seru production on sustainable performance. Firstly, four key enabling technologies for seru production are identified through systematic review, and an evaluation indicator system of sustainable performance in the context of seru production is developed. Then, the hypotheses about the effects of the identified key enabling technologies for seru production on sustainable performance are proposed on the basis of previous research achievements, theoretical analysis, and practical observations. Finally, the hypotheses are tested through structural equation modeling. Except for two hypotheses which are not supported and one which is indirectly supported, all other hypotheses are verified. The research results show that the four key enabling technologies for seru production have different effects on the three dimensions of sustainable performance. The achievements of this work are of significance to improve the comprehensive understanding of seru production, as well as to develop practical methods to implement sustainable operations.     

中国制造业企业创新行为的观测和实证研究 ——基于浙江省制造业1454家企业问卷调查的分析

 本文在浙江省制造业1454家企业大样本调查问卷的基础上,在微观层面研究了企业创新行为以及影响因素。首先利用统计分析的方法考察了企业创新投入的特征、创新投入的行业分布以及创新投入的产出绩效,并且发现了企业规模与R&;D强度之间呈现倒U型关系,这与安同良等人发现的倾斜V型关系的结论不同。其次运用计量分析的方法在有效控制了企业所处行业的技术水平差异、企业产权结构、政府资金扶持、企业品牌和企业设备技术水平后,研究发现：企业规模与企业创新投入之间也呈现较明显的倒U型关系,并且存在规模“拐点”;企业知识产权战略对企业创新投入具有明显的促进作用;出口贸易对企业创新投入并不显著,但发达国家特别是针对发展中国家设置的技术性贸易壁垒的技术标准化要求对企业创新投入有比较明显的促进作用;而企业集聚对企业的创新投入的影响并不确定。     

实践性教学模式在机械制造技术基础课程中的应用

机械制造技术基础课程是重要的专业基础课程。结合课程理论教学和实践应用特点,从现场实践、项目促进、毕业实习和毕业设计等环节,探索了该课程的实践性教学模式,做到现场实践促进理论学习,科研促进教学,极大地激发了学生学习的积极性和主动性,使学生能深入理解、掌握和运用基本知识和基本技能,丰富了学生的专业知识,培养了学生独立思考和解决问题的能力,教师完成了教学任务及部分科研工作,实现了实践、科研及综合运用促进本科生教学的新模式。     

Concurrent consideration of product design,process planning and production planning activities

In manufacturing engineering, product design, process planning and production planning activities are often considered independently. However, in order to effectively respond to changes in business situations, such as changes in demand forecast, product mix and technology, it is desirable to consider them concurrently. For this purpose, a large-scale linear programming model has been developed. The model considers minimization of the sum of processing cost, late shipment cost and inventory holding cost as the objective, and concurrently selects product designs, and generates process plans and production plans. The number of columns in the formulation can be large and, hence, an efficient column generation scheme is developed to solve the model. The model and solution procedure are illustrated with examples.     

Decentralized WIP-oriented manufacturing control (DEWIP)

DEWIP is a manufacturing control system for job shop environments aiming at achieving short and reliable lead times by establishing WIP control loops between the manufacturing work centres. The paper describes the mode of function, the setting of parameters and simulation results of the new manufacturing control system. The setting of parameters is done with the aid of the funnel model and the theory of logistic operating curves, both developed at the Institute of Production Systems at the University of Hanover. The simulation is conducted using industrial data and makes it possible to assess DEWIP with regard to lead times, WIP level, performance and schedule reliability. DEWIP is compared both with an uncontrolled process and with the manufacturing control systems Load oriented order release (LOOR), Conwip and Polca. The results suggest that DEWIP and the models employed for the setting of parameters are suitable for job shop production and therefore offer a valuable alternative to prevailing centralized manufacturing control systems.