How do policy levers shape the quality of a national health system?

Poor quality of care may have a detrimental effect on access and take-up and can become a serious barrier to the universality of health services. This consideration is of particular interest in view of the fact that health systems in many countries must address a growing public-sector deficit and respond to increasing pressures due to COVID-19 and aging population, among other factors. In line with a rapidly emerging literature, we focus on patient satisfaction as a proxy for quality of health care. Drawing on rich longitudinal and cross-sectional data for Spain and multilevel estimation techniques, we show that in addition to individual level differences, policy levers (such as public health spending and the patient-doctor ratio, in particular) exert a considerable influence on the quality of a health care system. Our results suggest that policymakers seeking to enhance the quality of care should be cautious when compromising the level of health resources, and in particular, health personnel, as a response to economic downturns in a sector that traditionally had insufficient human resources in many countries, which have become even more evident in the light of the current health crisis. Additionally, we provide evidence that the increasing reliance on the private health sector may be indicative of inefficiencies in the public system and/or the existence of features of private insurance which are deemed important by patients.     

Response strategy to environment context factors using a lean and agile approach: Implications for firm performance

Based on the environment-strategy performance perspective and dynamic capabilities framework, we develop a theoretical model and hypotheses specifying how supply chain collaboration as a response to environment context factors – competitive intensity, supply uncertainty, technological turbulence and market turbulence, using a lean and agile strategy may influence firm performance. We test the model using partial least square structural equation modelling on data collected from a field survey with responses from 152 manufacturing firms representing a variety of industries. Empirical findings generally support the relationship between collaboration and firm performance using a lean and agile strategy. Also, for firms in industries that face environments characterised by high supply uncertainty and competitive intensity with, technological turbulence, the study finds evidence of a direct relationship between these environmental factors and supply chain collaboration. The findings provide an initial strategic response framework for appropriately aligning a lean and agile supply chain strategy through collaboration with environment context factors to achieve firm performance improvements.     

大数据背景下基于社交网络的聚类随机游走抽样算法研究

数字经济时代,社交网络作为数字化平台经济的重要载体,受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。大数据背景下,社交网络的商业应用价值巨大,但由于其网络规模空前庞大,传统的网络分析方法 因计算成本过高而不再适用。而通过网络抽样算法获取样本网络,再推断整体网络,可节约计算资源, 因此抽样算法的好坏将直接影响社交网络分析结论的准确性。现有社交网络抽样算法存在忽略网络内部拓扑结构、容易陷入局部网络、抽样效率过低等缺陷。为了弥补现有社交网络抽样算法的缺陷,本文结合大数据社交网络的社区特征,提出了一种聚类随机游走抽样算法。该方法首先使用社区聚类算法将原始网络节点进行社区划分,得到多个社区网络,然后分别对每个社区进行随机游走抽样获取样本网 络。数值模拟和案例应用的结果均表明,聚类随机游走抽样算法克服了传统网络抽样算法的缺点,能够在降低网络规模的同时较好地保留原始网络的结构特征。此外,该抽样算法还可以并行运算,有效提升抽样效率,对于大数据背景下大规模社交网络的抽样实践具有重大现实意义。     

工厂供电课程教学方法探讨

工厂供电课程存在着教学任务肾、课时少的现象,按传统的讲授法进行教学,会出现教不好、学不透的两难境地。为避免此类现象的发生,提出了引导法、角色转换法、对比论证法、现代教育法等多种教学方法。经过教学实践证明,这些方法能有效地提高学生的学习效率,促进学生综合能力的提高。     

The econometrics of female labor supply and children

This is a survey of applied econometric research on the effects of children on female labor supply. Reasons for interest in the topic, and a basic model and terminology, are reviewed. Concerns are raised about the possible endogeneity of child status variables, and about the instrumental variables approach for dealing with this problem. Alternative ways of conceptualizing and estimating child status effects are considered, together with selected empirical evidence. Relevant developments from the household demand literature are summarized. Basic issues of model choice are also discussed.     

Quality strategies in supply chain alliances of disposable items

This paper studies a single-product distribution channel where a supplier manufactures items of a given type, some of which are defective, that are sold by a retailer who only detects a subset of the defective items, passing the rest along to customers. We conjecture the structure of the demand and cost functions, assuming customers to have a decreasing marginal aversion to bad quality while both the supplier and the retailer make marginally increasing efforts to avoid bad quality. This allows us to deduce several implicit parameters of a cost model based on observable data, such as the share of the channel margin. Once the parameters of the model are available, we analyze the result of vertical integration. Although we confirm the well-known fact that vertical integration improves the quality perceived by the customer, we characterize the supplier's decision of whether or not to provide a better quality in terms of the individual channel margins. As an alternative, we derive the conditions under which the supplier and the retailer may devise a mutually beneficial transfer contract that simultaneously increases their profit and improves quality.     

电子政府的信息网络安全及防范对策

本文从信息网络系统、安全管理、安全技术人才等方面分析了我国电子政府信息网络的安全问题 ,结合我国电子政府的现状与特点 ,提出了电子政府信息网络安全的防范对策 ,即构建一个由网络技术支撑层、网络技术应用层、网络管理层、网络安全人才层组成的信息网络安全体系结构。     

網絡組織成員合作的穩定性模型分析

本文應用博弈論建立了一個網絡組織成員合作的穩定性模型,通過模型分析作者提出網絡組織的穩定性依賴於多種因素,其中,信任機制、懲罰機制是網絡組織穩定的基本因素。本文通過對中國網絡組織的一般性分析,指出特殊主義文化背景下的中國網絡組織的信任機制和懲罰機制更多的來源於非正式制度,而非正式制度作用的空間局限性,是導致中國區際網絡組織穩定性差的重要原因,本文最後提出了中國網絡組織穩定性提升的建議。     

网络时代大学生思想道德教育初探

以因特网为主要标志的全球信息化正在对社会政治、经济、科技、文化等各个方面产生巨大影响,它改变着人们的生产方式、生活方式和工作方式,影响着人们的思想观、行为规范和价值取向。网络的发展给高校大学生的思想道德教育带来了挑战。面对挑战,高校应抓住时机,积极主动地对思想道德教育的观念、内容、方式、载体、环境和队伍等方面进行创新,提升大学生思想道德教育的水平,实现教育的目的。     

供应链管理中的信息流网络

本文对供应链管理中的信息流理论进行了探讨 ,指出了传统链式信息流模式的缺陷 ,分析了简单的网络式信息流模型的构造 ;阐述了信息流网络的特征与优势 ;对若干有待深入研究的问题进行了展望。