第三次分配中慈善捐赠的经验性探讨

国外慈善捐赠看似微不足道,却对于西方社会的稳态定型起到巨大的作用.文章分析了国内慈善捐赠中所存在的问题,针对社会转型期的中国实际,提出了一些关于加强第三领域管理的建设性意见和引领性举措.     

中国证券业总产出和增加值测算研究

 金融机构总产出和增加值的测算是一项基础性的研究工作。与传统测算方法不同,本文借鉴经济合作和发展组织（OECD）提出的使用者成本法,把证券业视为生产性服务活动,并结合我国的实际情况,从服务的角度初步提出了我国证券业总产出和增加值的测算框架。并提出了未来研究改进的方向。     

How Tautological Are Interspecies Correlations of Carcinogenic Potencies?

Crouch and Wilson demonstrated a strong correlation between carcinogenic potencies in rats and mice, supporting the extrapolation from mouse to man. Bernstein et al. , however, show that the observed correlation is mainly a statistical artifact of bioassay design. Crouch et al. have a comeback. This paper will review the arguments and present some new data. The correlation is largely (but not totally) tautological, confirming results in Bernstein et al.     

Comparison of the Dependence of the TD50 on Maximum Tolerated Dose for Mutagens and Nonmutagens

The relationship between the minimum TD50 (i.e., the TD50 measured at the most sensitive site) and the maximum dose administered (maxD) in rodent carcinogenicity bioassays was investigated separately for mice and rats. The relationship between log(1/TD50) and log(1/maxD) was analyzed as a function of (1) mutagenicity and (2) the statistical significance cutoff for selecting the minimum TD50 values. For rat bioassays, the variance of log(1/TD50) is larger and the correlation of log(1/TD50) with log(1/maxD) is weaker for mutagens than for nonmutagens, suggesting that the relationship between minimum TD50 and MTD is, in general, stronger for nonmutagens than for mutagens. The difference in correlation does not depend on the TD50 statistical significance cutoff, but the difference in variance is not significant for the most stringently selected dataset. For mouse bioassays, no significant mutagen/nonmutagen differences in log(1/TD50) variance are found. A significantly weaker correlation of log(1/TD50) with log(1/maxD) for mutagens in comparison to nonmutagens occurs only for the dataset with minimum TD50 chosen at the least stringent level, suggesting that this difference may be due to chance variation. We also looked for changes in correlation and regression parameters as a function of mutagenic potency in Salmonella; the variance of log(1/TD50) and its correlation with log(1/maxD) are not found to vary in a consistent manner. Taken as a whole, our results indicate that (1) mutagenicity is a determinant of the TD50/maxD relationship in rats and (2) any effect that mutagenicity may exert on the TD50/maxD relationship in mice is unimportant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

唐诗中的词汇衔接现象及其相应的翻译方法

唐诗是汉语诗歌发展的巅峰,而唐诗的英译既是一门艺术,也是一门科学。本文首先借助于语篇衔接理论,分析了在众多唐诗语篇中存在的词汇衔接现象。词汇衔接不仅促成了诗歌的语篇连贯,而且对每首诗风格的形成和文化背景的表达起到不可或缺的作用。因此,笔者主张在将唐诗翻译成英语时,应当对其中起到衔接作用的词汇应当尽量采取直译的方法,这样既可以最大限度地传达原诗的信息,同时又可以尽量避免在翻译过程中本民族文化的流失。     

重庆市3G产业发展现状及对策研究

TD-SCDMA是我国第一个拥有自主知识产权的国际通信标准,也是为国际接纳和完整标准化的一个技术,是国际唯一主流的TDD模式的3G标准。TD-SCDMA独有技术优势和政府的大力支持决定其将具有巨大的产业发展空间。在对重庆市3G产业开发现状进行调查的基础上,分析了重庆市发展3G产业的优势与不足,并提出相关的政策建议。     

施N量和密度对水稻双株秧的效应分析

通过对水稻双株秧在不同施N量和不同栽插密度下的研究，结果表明：以施用90g／m2N肥、栽240苗／m2处理的有效穗和经济产量最高。就有效穗和经济产量两个经济性状来说，施N量和密度间分别存在极显著和显著的互作效应。在施N量低时（如45g／m2），要有较高的栽插密度（如270苗／m2），才有较高的有效稳和经济产量。因此，在施N量低时应加大栽插密度，以保证足够的有效穗。施N量和密度对颖花数、结实率、株高均无显著影响。因此，栽双株秧必须有较高的N肥施用量和适宜的基本苗数，最后才可能有一个理想的产量。     

论不安抗辩权

不安抗辩权是我国《合同法》增设的内容,它充分体现了诚信与公正原则。我国不安抗辩制度的制定,既吸收了英美法系某些合理因素,又是对大陆法系内容的发展,是我国立法制度的创新。     

Improving the Regulation of Carcinogens by Expediting Cancer Potency Estimation1

The statutory language of the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65; California Health and Safety Code 25249.5 et seq.) encourages rapid adoption of “no significant risk levels” (NSRLs), intakes associated with estimated cancer risks of no more than 1 in 100,000. Derivation of an NSRL for a carcinogen listed under Proposition 65 requires the development of a cancer potency value. This paper discusses the methodology for the derivation of cancer potencies using an expedited procedure, and provides potency estimates for a number of agents listed as carcinogens under Proposition 65. To derive expedited potency values, default risk assessment methods are applied to data sets selected from an extensive tabulation of animal cancer bioassays according to criteria used by regulatory agencies. A subset of these expedited values is compared to values previously developed by regulatory agencies using conventional quantitative risk assessment and found to be in good agreement. Specific regulatory activities which could be facilitated by adopting similar expedited procedures are identified.     

The Fallacy of Ranking Possible Carcinogen Hazards Using the TD50

Ames et al. have proposed a new model for evaluating carcinogenic hazards in the environment. They advocate ranking possible carcinogens on the basis of the TD50, the estimated dose at which 50% of the test animals would get tumors, and extrapolating that ranking to all other doses. We argue that implicit in this methodology is a simplistic and inappropriate statistical model. All carcinogens are assumed to act similarly and to have dose-response curves of the same shape that differ only in the value of one parameter. We show by counterexample that the rank order of cancer potencies for two chemicals can change over a reasonable range of doses. Ames et al.'s use of these TD50 ranks to compare the hazards from low level exposures to contaminants in our food and environment is wholly inappropriate and inaccurate. Their dismissal of public health concern for environmental exposures, in general, based on these comparisons, is not supported by the data.