信息时代的翻译工具

我们正处于一个多语言网络的信息时代,如何有效地使用现代化手段来突破人们之间的语言障碍,成为了全人类面临的共同问题.翻译是克服语言障碍的有利手段.信息时代的翻译工具有:机器翻译系统、因特网上的语言翻译资源、CD-ROM上的语言翻译资源、计算机辅助术语管理系统、双语对应语料库、翻译记忆软件和本土化软件工具、机助翻译系统.掌握了信息时代的这些翻译工具,就可以大大地提高翻译的效率,满足信息时代对翻译的迫切需要.     

浅论公共关系在现代企业营销中的作用

公共关系是提高企业形象竞争力的法宝,是现代企业市场营销中不可或缺的手段。许多企业在成功运用公共关系的实践中,都取得了明显的经济效益。面对今天市场经济全球化、市场竞争白热化的局面,公共关系运用各种沟通策略、传播手段、协调方法,使企业营销进入一种艺术化的境界。作为现代企业营销中的重要手段,公共关系再次印证了它对企业生存和发展的重要意义。文章通过对公共关系在市场营销中的作用及在现代营销中常用的公共关系工具进行初步的论述,旨在引起现代企业在营销过程中对公共关系的重视。     

论我国政府运用WTO争端解决机制的策略

我国加入WTO以后,运用WTO争端解决机制维护本国经贸利益是政府面临的一个重要课题。在参与WTO争端解决的方式上,作为第三方或共同起诉方是我国当前较为合理的选择;在对争端解决中的磋商调解方式和司法程序的选择上,我国应根据争端对象国的情况,运用成本收益分析加以确定;无论是运用何种方式,都需要遵循国家经济利益最大化的原则。     

The Travelling Idea of Looking After Children: Conditions for moulding a systematic approach in child welfare into three national contexts—Australia,Canada and Sweden

Abstract

Looking After Children (LAC) is an approach (care philosophy and working tools) used to assess the psycho-social development of children being cared for by child welfare agencies. It is an international initiative that was developed in England and then travelled and was translated into other contexts, most notably Australia, Canada and Sweden. This paper presents findings from an open-ended question in a survey distributed to social workers and managers using LAC and “cousin” systems in these countries. We asked respondents what advice they would give to others considering implementing these systems. Our qualitative content analyses showed that, regardless of the context, the 257 respondents gave voice to programmatic/normative arguments, reflecting mainly positive attitudes to the systems. However, managers and social workers voiced different arguments in their favour. Managers voiced normative arguments favouring the underlying principles, whereas social workers from all three countries identified the dual needs to remain flexible and to recognise the limitations of the systems, especially at the operational level. Results offer insights into approaches to change management in different contexts.     

Click and mortar: Organizations on the web

The webpages of organizations are both a form of representation and a type of narrative. They entertain, persuade, express a point of view, and provide a means to organize collective action and economic exchange. Increasingly, webpages are the primary point of access between an organization and its environment. An organization's online presence offers a major new source of rich information about organizations. In this paper, we develop three perspectives on websites from an organizational point of view: as identity projects, tools, and relational maps. We draw on data from the online and offline presences of “brick and mortar” nonprofit organizations in the San Francisco Bay Area to both illustrate how a digital transformation shaped these organizations and identify a host of new methods that can be used to study organizations using webpages. Finally, we reflect on both the strengths of these new sources of data as well as possible limitations and conclude with theoretical implications for organizational scholars.     

语料库视野下的《好了歌》三种英译本分析

使用英语语料分析工具软件WordSmith Tools,从自建的<红楼梦汉英对齐平行语料库>中选取<好了歌>作为研究对象,对三种英语译文进行统计分析,比较译文语体特征及文化内涵体现,论述同一原文在不同文化背景下译者处理的异同.     

日本少子化对策的演进、体系及政策工具评析

日本进入少子化阶段已近半个世纪。日本的少子化对策是日本政府为遏制本国的少子化进程、提振生育率而制定、施行的,由一系列相关法律、制度、规划及具体对策措施所组成的综合性的政策体系。日本少子化对策的演进历程可分为计划筹备、全面开展、调整深化三个阶段,分别以出台第一项对策、制定第一部法律和召开第一个专项会议为阶段开始的标志。日本少子化对策的体系可归纳为四个层次和三条主线。四个层次依次是国会立法的顶层设计、内阁会议决定的政策框架、少子化社会对策会议的综合应对、其他政府部门和专门会议的具体施策,由顶层向底层进行指导,由底层向顶层进行扩充和执行。三条主线为经济援助、支援生育和育儿、改革工作方式,三条主线互有交集,共同反映日本少子化对策的基本理念和整体目标。利用政策工具方法对日本少子化对策进行量化分析可知其创造良好婚育环境的影响作用较大,增强婚育意愿的推动作用和减少婚育阻碍的拉动作用较小;对策内容向育儿支援过度集中,严重缺乏对于婚姻的支援。日本的少子化对策相对于少子化进程严重滞后,错过了最佳应对期,是导致对策效果不佳的原因之一。中国应借鉴日本的经验,尽早开始应对少子化问题,通过制定整体性的配套措施配合生育政策的调整。     

Production planning and control tools

There are numerous tools available to be used for production planning and control purposes. The number of tools is ever increasing, and so are the levels of sophistication as well as complexity. For the specific manufacturing firm, the task of selecting the most appropriate set of tools is not trivial. However, in recent years, the understanding of the relationship between tools and manufacturing environments for which they are suitable has increased. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of production planning and control tools available today, as well as new trends, issues and ideas.     

The Kids Say Project: Supporting Children to Talk about their Experiences and to Engage in Decision-making

Research and policy calls for hearing the voices of children and youth in out-of-home care and involving them in decisions about their own lives. The “Kids Say” cards were designed to facilitate this engagement, particularly with Indigenous children and youth. A feasibility study explored the extent to which the Kids Say cards were acceptable to young people, and prompted discussion about their lives and what is important to them. The study involved 47 participants, aged 7 to 18 years, from three cultural groups: Aboriginal n?=?20; culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) n?=?10; non-Indigenous English-speaking n?=?17. The cards were found to be appealing to all three groups, and to facilitate child and youth voice. Findings also did not differ significantly according to gender or age. These preliminary findings indicate the potential value of appropriate practice tools to support children and youth to share their experiences and participate in decision-making.

IMPLICATIONS

• Engaging resources, such as the Kids Say resource, are potentially valuable in supporting practitioners to encourage children and young people to share their experiences and participate in decision-making about their own care and service needs.

• Training in creating safe sharing contexts for children and young people is essential. While emphasis is often given to gathering child voices, there is a need for at least equal emphasis on respectful adult listening.

     

Using Real‐Time Decision Tools to Improve Distributed Decision‐Making Capabilities in High‐Magnitude Crisis Situations*

Multi‐organizational collaborative decision making in high‐magnitude crisis situations requires real‐time information sharing and dynamic modeling for effective response. Information technology (IT) based decision support tools can play a key role in facilitating such effective response. We explore one promising class of decision support tools based on machine learning, known as support vector machines (SVM), which have the capability to dynamically model and analyze decision processes. To examine this capability, we use a case study with a design science approach to evaluate improved decision‐making effectiveness of an SVM algorithm in an agent‐based simulation experimental environment. Testing and evaluation of real‐time decision support tools in simulated environments provides an opportunity to assess their value under various dynamic conditions. Decision making in high‐magnitude crisis situations involves multiple different patterns of behavior, requiring the development, application, and evaluation of different models. Therefore, we employ a multistage linear support vector machine (MLSVM) algorithm that permits partitioning decision maker response into behavioral subsets, which can then individually model and examine their diverse patterns of response behavior. The results of our case study indicate that our MLSVM is clearly superior to both single stage SVMs and traditional approaches such as linear and quadratic discriminant analysis for understanding and predicting behavior. We conclude that machine learning algorithms show promise for quickly assessing response strategy behavior and for providing the capability to share information with decision makers in multi‐organizational collaborative environments, thus supporting more effective decision making in such contexts.