保函在国际承包工程中的运作方式——商贸英语教学中应介绍的一课

保函是国际商务活动,尤其是国际工程承包业务中被普遍接受的一种担保形式.本文主要介绍涉外商贸活动中常用的几种保函及运作方式.指出在商贸英语教学中向学生教授此类专业知识的必要性.     

商业保险公司的合约性质

传统观念认为,保险公司是一种特殊的组织,它凭借大数定律把被保险人组织起来,产生自救行为。但是这并不能解释保险公司的投资行为,也不能解释一些保险公司的投资收益占总收益的比率相当大,更不能解释一些保险公司在本原业务的经营出现问题时依靠投资收益走出困境。采用静态分析方法是这一理论的主要局限性。本文拟创造性地综合运用企业理论、金融工程、微观经济学和保险理论的分析方法从一个新的视角──保险企业的合约性质──对保险公司的性质作出分析,并进一步对保险公司为什么需要投资作出新的理论解释。     

土地承包经营权的物权重构

土地承包经营权的物权属性,学界已基本取得共识,但现行法对土地承包经营权的制度设计依据的是传统物权理论。占有权的基本原理应是土地承包经营权进行物权重构的基本法理。据此,涉及土地承包经营权的主要法理必须进行重新探讨。     

动态环境下联盟竞合、治理机制与创新绩效的关系研究

本文从竞合视角审视联盟组合,结合动态关系观探讨有效的联盟治理机制,揭示了联盟组合中竞合关系(横向竞合、纵向竞合)、治理机制(契约治理、关系治理)和创新绩效之间的关系,并考察了动态环境特征(技术波动、竞争强度)的二次调节作用。在不同的竞合关系中,由于合作和竞争的强度不同,契约治理与关系治理机制的作用也存在差异,同时,治理机制与创新绩效之间的关系也受到两种不同环境动态性特征的影响。研究结果显示,在纵向竞合中,运用关系治理比运用契约治理能更好地提升创新绩效,技术波动正向调节契约治理、关系治理与创新绩效间的关系。在横向竞合中,运用契约治理比运用关系治理有效,竞争强度加强了契约治理对创新绩效的影响,即关系治理在波动的环境中更有效,契约治理在竞争的环境中更有效。本文为企业开展研发联盟组合管理提供了新的视角和管理对策。     

论专家责任的性质

专家责任是指具有特别知识和技能的专业人员,即专家在履行专业职能的过程中,违反高度注意义务、忠实义务以及努力完成受委托任务的义务给他人造成不利后果所应承担的民事责任.我国学者普遍认为专家责任是一种侵权责任,其实应定性为合同责任比较妥当.     

家族企业的关系治理:一个探索性研究

由于家族企业的特殊性,其治理模式常常包含关系治理和契约治理两种手段,两种治理手段交织形成了弱关系治理弱契约治理、弱关系治理强契约治理、强关系治理弱契约治理、强关系治理强契约治理4种治理模式.环境干扰、资产规模、企业领导价值观以及所有权结构等方面因素影响了企业治理模式的选择,治理模式又直接影响企业的经济绩效.实证研究显示,在强关系治理强契约治理的模式下,家族企业才能取得最好的经济绩效.     

中、日、韩人口经济制度的阶段比较

中日韩三个国家因为地理、历史原因具有很强的发展趋同性,具有共同的人口经济发展阶段特征,引领着东亚经济快速发展。在人口经济制度方面正在进行或即将进行第四个发展阶段。经过研究认为契约关系是中日韩在人口经济制度发展变革中共同的认同点。从战略发展来看,及时调整各利益集团的利益合理分配、推动公共活动效率透明化是实现这一地区完成人口经济制度巨大变革的关键措施。     

Economics of the firm and economic growth: a hybrid theoretical framework of analysis

Abstract

The main goal of this study is to achieve a critical discussion around the conceptualization of the firm and its role in the dynamic process of economic growth. By reviewing the theoretical matrix of the economics of the firm we go beyond the mainstream economics of the firm proposing a hybrid approach combining evolutionary and population ecology, which is likely to constitute a fruitful path for the conceptualization of the firm in the process of economic growth. Specifically, the analysis confronts the distinct theoretical perspectives around some imperative and controversial issues such as the nature of knowledge and learning and the cognitive capacities of economic agents within the firm. We argue that the economic understanding of growth and development of human societies will strongly benefit from a conceptualization of the firm capable of capturing the spirit of the Knightian firm. Overcoming the shortcomings of the mainstream growth models, which conceive firms as a black box, the proposed hybrid approach recalls the true nature of the firm as an organization. Issues related to the organizational arrangements that sustain the feasibility of productive activities and to the incentive contracts are also taken into account. Although acknowledging some recent important contributions within mainstream economic growth theory to adopt more realistic concepts of the firm, we believe that evolutionary and organizational population perspectives include crucial pointers in developing further research aimed at the construction of economic growth models based on a micro-economic perspective that is closer to the reality of firms.     

Contractual audit and mental health rehabilitation: a study of formulating effectiveness in a Finnish supported housing unit

Saario S, Raitakari S. Contractual audit and mental health rehabilitation: a study of formulating effectiveness in a Finnish supported housing unit Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 321–329 © 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare. Mental health NGOs in Western Europe are increasingly managed by contractual audit procedures. This article concerns how contractual audit and its emphasis on effectiveness of care impact on the practices of long‐term mental health rehabilitation. To demonstrate this, a case study of a Finnish NGO that provides supported housing is presented. The study looks at how service purchasing practices, as stated in the contract between the municipality and the NGO, are reflected in the meetings among practitioners. Documentary and meeting data were utilised together with Mitchell Dean's notion of technologies of agency. It was found that practitioners actively sought to show the effectiveness of their everyday work in terms of contractual audit by demonstrating both the economic and progressive aspects of care. Thus, professional competency in mental health rehabilitation appears to entail both the skills of care interventions and the ability to perform these interventions as efficient and financially accountable activities.     

巨灾风险债券的契约条款设计机制分析

巨灾风险债券的契约条款是债券交易各方权利义务关系的载体。基于剩余索取权与控制权对应的一般原则,必须在理顺债券运行中多方主体的权利义务关系,因为巨灾风险债券的条款设计须解决的一个核心问题,也不例外的在于如何平衡债权债务双方的权利义务关系,保证债券的顺利运作。但是,在进行巨灾风险债券契约条款设计时,必须比较巨灾风险债券在现金流结构、信用结构和期权结构上与一般债券的异同,在债券契约条款设计中应包含一些限制性条款,以便巨灾风险债券的契约条款的科学性。