企业履行废弃产品回收责任影响因素研究

运用扎根理论构建了影响中国家电企业履行废弃产品回收责任的因素指标,以此为基础设计调查问卷和开展大样本调研,并通过验证性因子分析方法（CFA）对所提炼的关键因素进行了实证检验,系统揭示了其影响机理,提出了相应的对策建议。研究结果显示,废弃产品回收处置成本、企业环保意识、政策法规、消费者环保意识、消费者参与回收的行为是影响家电生产企业履行废弃产品回收责任的5个主要因素,其中政策法规因素起着主导作用,企业和消费者的环保意识及回收习惯在影响企业履行废弃产品回收责任的过程中扮演重要角色,而回收成本在5个因素中解释力度最小。     

Fast Machines,Slow Violence: ICTs,Planned Obsolescence,and E-waste

Abstract

This paper brings the temporalities of the global e-waste recycling trade into the temporal reckonings of speed, acceleration, and simultaneity typically associated with information and communications technologies (ICTs). Following feminist philosopher Sofia, it begins with a reconsideration of theories of technology as they relate to time and the environment. The second part of the paper suggests that recycling practices do not address the tempos of production, especially planned obsolescence. Bringing together Nixon's concept of slow violence with Sofia's theory of container technologies, this paper interrogates the speed, acceleration, and simultaneity often attributed to ICTs and globalization to argue that planned obsolescence functions as a type of slow violence, and that it structures the environmental politics of the information age.     

Local–global linkages: Challenges in organizing functional communities for ecosocial justice

ABSTRACT

Communities face “glocalized” ecosocial problems. Functional Community Organization bridges local problems with globalized issues, organizes community, and meets need. Models describe glocal linkages and their outcomes, but little is known of processes and challenges in organizing. This article qualitatively explores ecosocial organizing challenges in a Community Technology Center in a US city, which organized around e-waste and digital inequality. Findings indicate that Functional Communities may face challenges in organizing aims due to complexities in balancing need while concurrently addressing global problems and issues in structure, funding, and process. This may be mitigated through communication, focus, self-awareness, and reflexivity.     

电子废弃物回收产业链多主体协同演化的仿真分析

电子废弃物的循环利用是一个庞大的系统工程,涉及到多方利益相关者。基于利益主体协同演化视角,构建电子废弃物回收产业链中多主体的协同演化博弈模型,并在Vensim平台上进行仿真模拟,研究多主体演化均衡状态以及演化驱动因素。仿真结果表明:电子废弃物回收产业链中三方主体最终在政府不监管、消费者选择正规回收途径、企业主动加大环保投入处达到稳定均衡状态;政府、消费者和企业在电子废弃物回收产业链中分别充当系统演化的引导者、辅助者和推动者;政府的监管成本以及对企业的奖惩力度,企业获得的长期循环经济效益、成本和短期经济效益等因素是系统演化的主要驱动力。最后提出研究启示:在治理初期,政府对企业宜采取强硬手段;在治理中后期,政府对企业宜采取缓和手段;在治理全程,政府都应以强化消费者和企业的环保意识为重点。     

考虑政府引导激励的电子废弃物回收处理决策模型研究

本文主要讨论政府引导激励下的电子废弃物回收处理决策模型。结合实践情况把电子废弃物回收处理归纳为四种模式,建立了相应模式下考虑回收补贴激励的决策模型,并讨论了其最优参数。研究表明：四种模式下的电子电器产品最优零售价及市场需求量均相等;当补贴额度不变时,生产商回收理模式下的电子废弃物回收率以及各主体收益与补贴对象无关;若赋予生产商一定的回收责任,则经销商回收和第三方回收模式下的回收率均高于生产商回收模式。数值分析表明,理论上并不存在绝对占优的电子废弃物回收模式,实施生产者责任延伸下的专业处理企业回收模式可达到较高的回收率,建议从制度、对象和过程等角度完善对相关回收主体的引导激励机制。     

季节性数据特征驱动的电子废弃物回收规模分解集成预测建模研究

电子废弃物回收规模预测是政府制定循环经济发展规划和有关补贴政策、企业进行资源回收价值评估和产能优化的基础。本文考虑电子废弃物回收规模季度数据的季节性数据特征可能导致传统单模型预测误差偏大、预测结果不稳定等问题，基于“分解-集成”的思想提出了季节性数据特征驱动的电子废弃物回收规模预测CH-X12/STL-X框架。首先，基于Canova-Hansen(CH)检验对电子废弃物回收规模时间序列的季节性数据特征进行识别，继而对适于进行季节性分解的时间序列采用X12乘法模型或时间序列季节性分解(Seasonal-trend Decomposition Procedure Based on Loess，STL)模型实现季节性分量提取。然后，采用Holt-Winters模型对获得的季节性分量进行预测，并以支持向量回归模型(Support Vector Regression，SVR)预测分解获得的其他分量。最后，通过对各个分量预测结果的线性求和以得到最终的预测结果。实证结果表明，提出CH-X12/STL-X预测框架能够较好地满足不同季节性数据特征驱动的时间序列预测建模需求，且较传统单模型(Holt-Winters模型、季节性差分自回归滑动平均模型、SVR模型)在预测性能上表现良好且稳定。