Adaptive Management: A Paradigm for Remediation of Public Facilities Following a Terrorist Attack

Terrorist actions are aimed at maximizing harm (health, psychological, economical, and political) through the combined physical impacts of the act and fear. Immediate and effective response to a terrorist act is critical to limit human and environmental harm, effectively restore facility function, and maintain public confidence. Though there have been terrorist attacks in public facilities that we have learned from, overall our experiences in restoration of public facilities following a terrorist attack are limited. Restoration of public facilities following a release of a hazardous material is inherently far more complex than in industrial settings and has many unique technical, economic, social, and political challenges. For example, there may be a great need to quickly restore the facility to full operation and allow public access even though it was not designed for easy or rapid restoration, and critical information is needed for quantitative risk assessment and effective restoration must be anticipated to be incomplete and uncertain. Whereas present planning documents have substantial linearity in their organization, the “adaptive management” paradigm provides a constructive parallel paradigm for restoration of public facilities that anticipates and plans for uncertainty, inefficiencies, and stakeholder participation. Adaptive management grew out of the need to manage and restore natural resources in highly complex and changing environments with limited knowledge about causal relationships and responses to restoration actions. Similarities between natural resource management and restoration of a public facility after a terrorist attack suggest that integration of adaptive management principles explicitly into restoration processes will result in substantially enhanced and flexible responses necessary to meet the uncertainties of potential terrorist attacks.     

一种基于闭排队网络的集装箱码头设备配置优化模型

将集装箱码头龙门吊装卸工艺抽象为闭排队网络模型,采用估算均值法计算了顾客到达和服务时间分布为一般情况的闭排队网络系统性能指标.仿真结果表明,闭排队网络模型计算结果可以为集装箱码头设备配置提供一定的决策支持.     

An Agent‐Based Model for Pathogen Persistence and Cross‐Contamination Dynamics in a Food Facility

We used an agent‐based modeling (ABM) framework and developed a mathematical model to explain the complex dynamics of microbial persistence and spread within a food facility and to aid risk managers in identifying effective mitigation options. The model explicitly considered personal hygiene practices by food handlers as well as their activities and simulated a spatially explicit dynamic system representing complex interaction patterns among food handlers, facility environment, and foods. To demonstrate the utility of the model in a decision‐making context, we created a hypothetical case study and used it to compare different risk mitigation strategies for reducing contamination and spread of Listeria monocytogenes in a food facility. Model results indicated that areas with no direct contact with foods (e.g., loading dock and restroom) can serve as contamination niches and recontaminate areas that have direct contact with food products. Furthermore, food handlers’ behaviors, including, for example, hygiene and sanitation practices, can impact the persistence of microbial contamination in the facility environment and the spread of contamination to prepared foods. Using this case study, we also demonstrated benefits of an ABM framework for addressing food safety in a complex system in which emergent system‐level responses are predicted using a bottom‐up approach that observes individual agents (e.g., food handlers) and their behaviors. Our model can be applied to a wide variety of pathogens, food commodities, and activity patterns to evaluate efficacy of food‐safety management practices and quantify contamination reductions associated with proposed mitigation strategies in food facilities.     

Quality of Life Enhancement Research Program: Lessons Learned

The attempted Quality of Life Enhancement program appeared to be a novel method for creating a symbiotic and sustainable relationship between a large Southeastern university and local nursing home and assisted living facilities (ALF), through which ALF residents would attend university arts and sporting events. During implementation, it was discovered that this project was unsustainable, undesired, unneeded by many care centers, difficult to implement, and required a dedicated and specialized staff. After attempting to enroll 14 local care facilities, only 2 were interested in becoming involved and produced 5 eligible participants. During the program itself, coordination with facilities and residents was difficult to maintain and unique transportation and accommodation needs were challenging to overcome. Finally, data collection was time consuming and generally unfruitful. Ultimately the project was discontinued after a year of attempted recruitment and implementation of inclusive changes to protocol. While creating an ongoing relationship with local care facilities and local universities may enhance opportunities for residents and research into important areas, such relationships take time, effort, and specialized staff to maintain.     

基于随机p-鲁棒优化的国家血液战略储备库选址-库存模型

以往的救灾实践对建立国家血液战略储备体系提出了迫切要求。国家血液战略储备库的建设问题亟待解决。由于血液产品特性以及应急血液保障特性的存在,使得国家血液战略储备库的选址决策具有一定的复杂性。本文将问题定位为选址-库存问题。首先,以应急条件下血液保障及时度最高为目标,构建了一个不确定环境下考虑多情景、多血型、多阶段、带提前期、有容量限制、日常随机需求、有预算约束及协同定位的国家血液战略储备库选址-库存模型。同时,为了规避应急条件下的不确定风险,进一步构建了国家血液战略储备库选址-库存问题的随机p-鲁棒优化模型。该模型为离散非线性混合整数规划模型,难以快速精确求解。故基于模型性质,设计了相应的遗传算法。最后,设计了两组算例验证模型与算法的有效性。其中,第1组算例基于我国大陆地区31个省级血液中心与省级行政区的数据,并根据不同预算值给出6个算例,得到了国家血液战略储备库的选址-库存决策方案。第2组算例为6个不同规模的模拟算例,用来测试不同规模下的算法性能。算例结果表明：遗传算法的性能更好;鲁棒解与确定性模型最优值相差不大（最大差距≤1.08%）,可降低不确定性导致的风险。实践中,可对本文所建模型稍作改进,应用于具有类似特征的易腐品（药品、粮食等）应急物资储备库选址-库存决策。     

新能源汽车新时代新征程:2017回顾及未来展望

随着补贴退坡和双积分等重要政策接连出台,中国新能源汽车发展进入新时代。2017年,私人购买量大幅上升到41%,汽车动力电池行业集中度上升,三元电池装机占比显著增加到44%,车桩比有所下降。双积分政策在2017年正式出台,加上国家和地方补贴的进一步退坡,新能源汽车产业加速从政策驱动过渡为市场驱动阶段。但私人消费需求还有待进一步激发,电池等关键零部件的核心技术仍需突破,充电设施的建设与运营面临挑战。双积分和补贴退坡等重要政策实施后,中国汽车行业格局将发生深刻变化。从政策支持与行业发展来看,燃料电池汽车及电动汽车智能化融合发展将是今后重要的发展方向。     

"设施规划与物流分析"的比喻法教学

文章介绍了在"设施规划与物流分析"课程教学中采用的比喻方法搬运与设施规划、布置方法与学生座位排序以及在制品库存与队伍行军的三个比喻,并形象地解释了本课程的难点.     

基于合作博弈的易腐性产品运输设施选择的费用分配

易腐性产品的价值会随着时间而损失,运输易腐性产品时,客户除了支付运输费用外还需要承担产品的价值损失。本文把易腐性产品的价值损失和运输费用之和作为总费用,应用合作博弈理论,把易腐性产品的运输设施选择的费用分配问题构造成费用分配博弈,证明了在易腐性产品线性价值损失的情况下,运输设施选择博弈的核心非空,且为子模博弈,并讨论核仁、夏普利值、τ-值等解。论文最后讨论了有约束运输的设施选择的费用分配博弈的解的情况,说明其核心也许为空,并提出了进一步研究的方向。     

从数据垄断走向数据开放：数据成为必需设施的竞争法分析

数字经济下,数据发挥着越来越重要的作用,而拥有大量数据的支配企业却往往拒绝其他经营者对数据的访问,意图垄断数据资源。竞争法有必要通过必需设施规则,对支配企业拒绝访问的行为予以规制,实现数据开放,促进数据资源的流通、利用。结合必需设施规则的发展历程,必需设施规则在数字经济背景下的适用需要有严格的条件限制。这些条件包括:在经营者具有市场支配地位的前提条件下,首先数据需要构成必需设施,即数据是经营者参与市场竞争所必不可少的;其次,支配企业拒绝数据访问的行为所产生的消极效果明显大于积极效果;最后,支配企业拒绝数据访问不存在合理的理由。满足了上述条件后,支配企业才需要承担允许数据访问的义务。在此基础上,竞争法需要针对数据访问的具体要求以及其可能与个人数据保护法、知识产权法之间的关系进行细化,以使数据访问在实践中更具有操作性。具体而言,竞争法对数据访问的要求主要有三点:其一,其他经营者对数据的访问应当是公平的;其二,其他经营者对数据的访问应当是现实可行的;其三,其他经营者对数据进行访问需要支付合理的费用。在竞争法与个人数据保护法之间的关系上,一方面,个人数据保护法在一定程度上阻碍了其他经营者对数据的访问;另一方面,个人数据保护法与竞争法在价值上存在着统一性。在竞争法与知识产权法之间的关系上,大多数情况下,支配企业拒绝其他经营者对受到知识产权保护的数据的访问的行为是合法的,但是支配企业也需注意在合理的范围内行使权利,不得滥用知识产权限制数据访问的实施。在数字经济时代,我国有必要在反垄断法规范体系中纳入必需设施规则,同时在相关的法律规范和指南中对数据访问的具体内容进行设计,加强与个人数据保护、知识产权等相关法律规范的协调,实现数据访问的本土化建构,促进市场竞争,挖掘数据的巨大价值。     

提高设施园艺学实验教学质量的体会

要提高设施园艺学实验课的教学质量，任课教师必须具备过硬的实验技能，在精选实验内容的基础上认真做好预备实验，特别是在讲课过程中要时刻注意激发学生兴趣，充分调动学生的积极性，而且要始终坚持进行课后总结、严格考核评定成绩。这样才能提高教学质量，培养高素质的人才。