On the Convergence of the Monte Carlo Maximum Likelihood Method for Latent Variable Models

While much used in practice, latent variable models raise challenging estimation problems due to the intractability of their likelihood. Monte Carlo maximum likelihood (MCML), as proposed by Geyer & Thompson (1992 ), is a simulation-based approach to maximum likelihood approximation applicable to general latent variable models. MCML can be described as an importance sampling method in which the likelihood ratio is approximated by Monte Carlo averages of importance ratios simulated from the complete data model corresponding to an arbitrary value of the unknown parameter. This paper studies the asymptotic (in the number of observations) performance of the MCML method in the case of latent variable models with independent observations. This is in contrast with previous works on the same topic which only considered conditional convergence to the maximum likelihood estimator, for a fixed set of observations. A first important result is that when is fixed, the MCML method can only be consistent if the number of simulations grows exponentially fast with the number of observations. If on the other hand, is obtained from a consistent sequence of estimates of the unknown parameter, then the requirements on the number of simulations are shown to be much weaker.     

一类带有分布参数系统的最佳控制

本文给出一类非均匀弦的横向振动的最佳控制，推广了P C Park的结果。这一结果同样适用于同类型振动问题。     

无抵触理论与我国公共英语教学

将无抵触理论应用于公共英语教学，可以对外语学习活动进行设计，使学习者水平与任务的难度相当、培养语言学习兴趣、加强师生交流、确保学习者获得学习主动权等，使其在学习过程中体验到巨大乐趣，进入以注意力高度集中和全身心投入为特征的无抵触心理状态，提高学习效率。     

约束优化问题的异步并行拟牛顿方法

提出了一种求解等式约束优化问题的异步并行拟牛顿方法 .若假设目标函数 f和约束函数h至少三次连续可微 ,且△h(x)对任意x∈Rn 均为满秩矩阵 ,证明了所提出的异步并行算法是 q—超线性收敛的 .     

A study of simulated annealing and a revised cascade algorithm for image reconstruction

We describe an image reconstruction problem and the computational difficulties arising in determining the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate. Two algorithms for tackling the problem, iterated conditional modes (ICM) and simulated annealing, are usually applied pixel by pixel. The performance of this strategy can be poor, particularly for heavily degraded images, and as a potential improvement Jubb and Jennison (1991) suggest the cascade algorithm in which ICM is initially applied to coarser images formed by blocking squares of pixels. In this paper we attempt to resolve certain criticisms of cascade and present a version of the algorithm extended in definition and implementation. As an illustration we apply our new method to a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. We also carry out a study of simulated annealing, with and without cascade, applied to a more tractable minimization problem from which we gain insight into the properties of cascade algorithms.     

山西常家兴衰与人力资源优化

“常家”兴衰与人力资源的演变有着密切关系 ,常家在优化人力资源方面的一些主要措施 ,揭示出人力资源与经济发展是密不可分的。面对现代经济发展中遇到的种种挑战 ,更让我们认识到重视人力资源优化的重要性。以史为鉴 ,给现代人以很多启示。     

Web数据库性能调优(英文)

提出了一种基于Web数据库系统设计、实现和性能调优的新方法,该方法包括由RDBMS配置优化、应用模式设计优化和编程优化。通过内存、分段、磁盘参数和时间相关参数的优化可以设置一个好的RDBMS运行环境。在编程时,通过减少与后台连接和断开操作、建立和使用索引、多用存储过程和优化SQL语句可以优化系统性能。在应用设计时,通过优化应用逻辑和降低规范化可以大大地改善系统性能。     

论我国农业信贷资金的市场化效用

从农业生产主体的比较利益与经营风险分析入手，对农业市场化过程中信贷资金效用进行了深入研究，并针对我国农业经济发展的现状，提出了有关我国农业信贷资金体系建设以及农业生产资源配置等项工作的若干意见和建议。     

网络零售配送系统最优运作成本的分析

针对配送运作成本关键部分棗平均运距作出的估计,在车辆路径问题渐进最优理论的基础上,建立了一个平均运作成本最优的规划模型,从经济的角度对运作策略作了简要分析。与其他规划模型不同,新建模型考虑了平均水平的概率特性及众多实际因素,因而具有较好的实用性。     

短杆菌(Brevibacterium sp WX-10)产酶条件研究

研究了碳源、氮源、无机盐、金属离子等培养基组成和初始pH、通风量、温度等发酵条件对短杆菌(Bre vibacteriumspWX 10)产酶的影响,通过正校试验优化得到的产酶培养基组成及发酵条件:蔗糖1%,NaCl2 5%,牛肉膏0 05%,NaNO30 05%,pH7 5,500mL三角瓶装培养基50mL,30℃于220r/min旋转式摇床上培养72h.在该培养条件下WX 10产酶量是原培养条件下的1 85倍.