Mentorship experiences during registrar training: reflections of Black African specialists in the Western Cape

In order to meet the significant staffing challenges to health care provision in South Africa, the need to support the training and retention of Black medical specialists has been identified. This small qualitative study aimed to explore experiences of mentorship among a group of Black medical specialists in hopes of understanding the value and potential challenges that these relationships raise. Ten Black medical specialists were interviewed about their experiences of being mentored during their registrar training. The interview data was analysed using discourse analysis, and the results comprise of three main themes, namely: Difficulty accessing mentorship, a lack of Black and/or female role models and finally, experiences of feeling excluded from soft networks. The experiences explored in this study indicate the need for open dialogue within the mentorship dyad regarding certain taken-for-granted assumptions surrounding race, so as to aid the provision of more effective and satisfying mentorship outcomes.     

When Working Hard Is Not Enough for Female and Racial/Ethnic Minority Apprentices in the Highway Trades

Drawing on employment records, qualitative interviews, and a survey, we explore the experiences of apprentices in the highway trades in Oregon. We demonstrate that female and racial/ethnic minority apprentices have lower rates of recruitment and retention and disproportionately face challenges with interpersonal interactions, hiring practices, and supervisory practices. Yet, we find a pervasive narrative that attributes apprentices' success to “hard work,” which contributes to the legitimacy of these inequalities. Consistent with the conceptualization of work organizations as inequality regimes, we argue that the apprenticeship system has policies, practices, and ideologies that are on the surface gender and race/ethnicity neutral, yet lead to the perpetuation of inequalities.     

"专利权的地域性"评析

专利权的地域性是专利权法律冲突肯定说和否定说争议的焦点所在.文章通过分析专利权地域性的成因暨合理性,指出无论是国内法还是国际公约,适时地突破专利权地域性均不存在制度上的障碍.认为地域性并不是专利权的本质属性;随着各国政治、经济、文化环境的优化,专利权地域性的消失带有必然性;各国在处理涉外的专利权合同关系和侵权关系时,应突破地域性理论的窠臼,建立适宜的法律适用规则以解决存在的法律冲突.     

帝国主义时代的文化接触:基督教与西南民族

本文试图对帝国主义时代基督教在我国西南地区民族的传播情况加以论述,从而进一步探讨基督教在西南民族的传播轨迹以及对西南民族文化的影响。     

Family Cap and Nonmarital Fertility: The Racial Conditioning of Policy Effects

Using an experimental design, this research examines the effect of the nation's first family cap on the births, abortions, and contraception use of over 8,000 women receiving public assistance in New Jersey. The family cap denies additional cash benefits to children conceived while the mother is receiving public assistance. Our research shows that a targeted welfare benefit manipulation does influence fertility behavior; however, the effect is conditioned by race. We find that Black women in the experimental group have a 21% lower birth rate and a 32% higher abortion rate than Black women in the control group. We do not find a birth effect for Hispanic or White women. We discuss the policy implications of the effects of a segmented family cap.     

论企业经营管理与专利技术的关系

本文认为随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善 ,尤其是加入WTO以后专利战略、专利信息的获取与利用、专利权营销等已成为企业经营管理的重要内容和手段。并探讨了企业经营管理的各个方面与专利技术的关系。     

论市场竞争机制中专利效力范围的界定

专利权是当代世界进入知识经济时代的“游戏规则”之一 ,在市场竞争机制中 ,对专利权保护的基本要求是平衡专利权人与相关权利人的利益 ,界定专利权与平等竞争权的范围。这是确定专利法与经济法的依据。     

Racial differences in urban neighboring

Despite mixed expectations generated by existing theories and evidence, this analysis documents clear racial differences in urban neighboring behavior. Using data from a survey of Nashville, Tennessee, residents, we show that blacks interact with their neighbors more often than whites do, and in a greater variety of ways. The only noteworthy similarity between the two groups is the positive impact of neighboring on feelings of community affect. Overall, our results support the view that neighbor relations — like other kinds of informal participation — have helped blacks cope with constrained social opportunities and provided them with access to resources unavailable through formal institutional channels.Revised version of a paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, August 1989.     

基因序列的可专利性研究

从基因序列的发明发现之争、基因序列的创造性和实用性分析、基因序列专利保护对社会公共利益的影响三个方面出发,对基因序列的专利保护问题进行了深入具体的分析探讨,最终发现:从理论上讲,没有足够充分的理由阻止基因序列的专利保护,但是各国对基因序列的专利保护应当根据本国基因资源拥有、生物科技的发展等具体情况而定。