“受事+施事+vp”型主谓谓语句的句法、篇章功能考察

"受事 施事 vp"型主谓谓语句的形成和使用受到句法、篇章的制约.在句法上有强调、突出受事主语和强调、突出补语成分的作用.在篇章中,受事主语有衔接连贯、对比和开启下文的作用,衔接连贯的受事主语能够使文气顺畅;对比的受事主语带有话题焦点的性质;开启下文的受事主语可以使主题统一;施事主语有对比强调和开启下文的作用,对比强调的施事主语带有对比焦点的性质;开启下文的施事主语起到主题统一的作用.     

Heterogeneity in treatment effects across diverse populations

Differences in patient characteristics, including age, sex, and race influence the safety and effectiveness of drugs, biologic products, and medical devices. Here we provide a summary of the topics discussed during the opening panel at the 2018 Johns Hopkins Center for Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation symposium on Assessing and Communicating Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects for Patient Subpopulations: Challenges and Opportunities. The goal of this session was to provide a brief overview of FDA-regulated therapeutics, including drugs, biologics and medical devices, and some of the major sources of heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) related to patient demographics, such as age, sex and race. The panel discussed the US Food and Drug Administration's role in reviewing and regulating drugs, devices, and biologic products and the challenges associated with ensuring that diverse patient populations benefit from these therapeutics. Ultimately, ensuring diverse demographic inclusion in clinical trials, and designing basic and clinical research studies to account for the intended patient population's age, sex, race, and genetic factors among other characteristics, will lead to better, safer therapies for diverse patient populations.     

Every Minute Counts: Using Process Improvement and Performance Feedback to Improve Patient Flow in an Emergency Department

Prolonged emergency department (ED) visits are associated with a number of adverse outcomes for patients as well as lower patient satisfaction scores and increased costs. Several factors that influence the length of ED visits are out of the control of hospital employees, but some opportunities exist to improve performance. For this study, the ED department of a 150-bed hospital in the southeastern United States wanted to improve door-to-discharge time. To do so, a subprocess of door-to-discharge time was targeted, door-to-order. After analyzing the process, the team created standard orders for the 10 most common presenting conditions in the ER with preapproval, allowing nurses to submit the orders without the provider first visiting the patient. Following the process change, daily feedback was added to increase utilization of the preapproved orders. Reductions in door-to-order times and door-to-discharge were observed and patient satisfaction remained stable. Implications for future research in this area are discussed.     

Discourse,affect and affliction

While much recent theorizing into affect has challenged the primacy of discourse in understanding social life, this paper is premised on the intertwining of affective experience with discursive meaning. Furthermore, appreciating the entwining of affect and discourse facilitates broader understanding into the illness experience, medical decision‐making and experiences of healing. Today, the biomedical discourse carries particular affective weight that can saturate experiences of affliction. Cultural understandings of disease similarly shape affect that may emerge in affliction. Social meaning, more specifically stereotypes pertaining to identities, interweave with emotion also in the context of medical practice. The doctor‐patient relationship is an affect‐laden encounter where the entwining of affect with social assumptions carries important, yet poorly understood, repercussions for treatment decisions and for the furthering of health inequalities. Both the elusiveness and the power of affect that unfolds in relation to discursive meaning rest on the way in which affect dwells in and resounds through the body.     

“以病人为中心”的深层次思考

“以病人为中心”是医院管理道德和医患关系道德的核心话语,其基本理念是“以人为本”。在医患关系道德建设过程中贯彻“以人为本”理念,一是要“以病人为中心”,这是医患关系道德“以人为本”的核心,二是要“以医务人员为主体”,这是实现“以病人为中心”的关键,而且要将这两者结合起来,共同指导医患关系道德建设。“以人为本”理念的贯彻,对于我们建立良好的医患关系,促进医疗卫生事业的健康发展具有重要的现实意义。     

医院健康教育的现状､问题及其改进措施研究——以云南省楚雄市公立医院为例

目的：了解并分析医院健康教育在云南省楚雄市公立医院的实施现状及存在问题,并探讨改进措施。方法：采用文献研究法、抽样调查法及实地调查法,了解该市6所公立医院的健康教育工作情况,并采用问卷形式对医务人员和患者进行调查分析。结果：楚雄市公立医院在医院健康教育方面存在机构网络不健全,医护人员专业素质不高,经费投入不足,政府职能不突出等问题。结论：应当通过培养专业队伍,健全经费配置机制,加强监督考核机制,采取多种形式的健康教育方式等措施,使健康教育工作落到实处,更大程度地发挥医院健康教育的效益,促进现代社会医学的发展。     

论和谐视域下的医患关系建设

在我国建设社会主义和谐社会的进程中,共建和谐医患关系的重要性日益凸显出来。和谐的医患关系建设必须在客观分析当前医患关系存在的问题的基础上,科学判断影响医患关系和谐的相关因素,把加大对医疗卫生事业的改革与发展力度、营造和谐互信的医患文化氛围、依法依规处理医患关系等方面作为着力点,方能取得良好效果。     

孑L子“仁”说与现代医患关系

从传统文化古为今用的立场,探讨现实问题,以孔子“仁”说为理论前提,并赋予其以新的时代意义,指导医学领域中医患关系的实践。首先,概括了孔子“仁”说的历史内涵,简言之,即“爱人”。其次,从两个方面论证了孔子“仁”说对指导现代医患关系的现实可能性。即现代医患关系的矛盾冲突呼唤孔子“仁”说的指导,孔子“仁”说本身所具有的真理性,使其指导现代医患关系也成为可能。最后,联系现代医患关系实践,赋予孔子“仁”说以两个方面的新的时代意义,要求兼顾医患双方的利益,树立“人是目的”的理念。