Cross‐Sectional Psychological and Demographic Associations of Zika Knowledge and Conspiracy Beliefs Before and After Local Zika Transmission

Perceptions of infectious diseases are important predictors of whether people engage in disease‐specific preventive behaviors. Having accurate beliefs about a given infectious disease has been found to be a necessary condition for engaging in appropriate preventive behaviors during an infectious disease outbreak, while endorsing conspiracy beliefs can inhibit preventive behaviors. Despite their seemingly opposing natures, knowledge and conspiracy beliefs may share some of the same psychological motivations, including a relationship with perceived risk and self‐efficacy (i.e., control). The 2015–2016 Zika epidemic provided an opportunity to explore this. The current research provides some exploratory tests of this topic derived from two studies with similar measures, but different primary outcomes: one study that included knowledge of Zika as a key outcome and one that included conspiracy beliefs about Zika as a key outcome. Both studies involved cross‐sectional data collections that occurred during the same two periods of the Zika outbreak: one data collection prior to the first cases of local Zika transmission in the United States (March–May 2016) and one just after the first cases of local transmission (July–August). Using ordinal logistic and linear regression analyses of data from two time points in both studies, the authors show an increase in relationship strength between greater perceived risk and self‐efficacy with both increased knowledge and increased conspiracy beliefs after local Zika transmission in the United States. Although these results highlight that similar psychological motivations may lead to Zika knowledge and conspiracy beliefs, there was a divergence in demographic association.     

网上购物风险来源、类型及其影响因素研究

从风险来源的角度深入地研究了网上购物感知风险类型与其相对强度,对于企业从风险来源上降低和管理网上风险具有重要的指导意义.文章发现消费者在网上购物时,风险主要来源于产品本身、远距离交易、互联网这种交易模式和网站这四个方面.研究结果揭示了,当消费者在网上购物的时候,所感受到最强烈的三个风险分别是,来自于产品本身的产品绩效风险、来自于远距离交易的服务风险和来自于网站的来源风险.最后,研究还发现,消费者网上购物感知风险的强弱与消费者的年龄、网络购物频率之间存在较强的相关性,年龄越大,感知风险越强;网上购物频率越高,感知风险越低.     

知识缺失还是知识自负？知识水平对公众食品安全信心的影响研究

通过对中国10个城市成年受访者的调查,发现公众对当前食品安全问题的感知风险水平较高,反映其对食品安全形势较担忧,且对政府食品安全管理部门存在信任危机。不过公众的感知控制力较高,普遍认为自己有保障自身食品安全的能力,因此在日常的食品消费中仍然有较高的信心。研究证实中国公众在食品安全的知识层面存在着知识自负现象,公众自我评估的主观知识水平显著高于实际拥有的客观知识水平,且真正对公众食品安全信心产生影响的是公众的主观知识水平。这说明传统缺失模型所倡导的以科普、辟谣为主要形式的致力于教育公众、提升公众客观知识水平的行动能够取得的效果可能非常有限;而公众的主观知识水平和感知控制力的提升能有效提振公众的食品安全信心。     

Gaining Competitive Advantages in Higher Education: Analyzing the Gap between Expectations and Perceptions of Service Quality

The research findings have provided several implications for higher educational institutions, managers, and leaders of decision-making processes throughout the world. Service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions are global issues that affect all organizations, large or small, profit or non-profit, global or local. We are all influenced or discouraged, satisfied or dissatisfied with positive loyalty behavioral intentions or negative complaining reactions, propelled by the level of service quality received. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Spanish migrants to European Union countries: predictors of psychological adjustment / Españoles que emigran a países de la Unión Europea: predictores de su ajuste psicológico

In recent years, the migration of Spanish people to other countries in Europe has increased; however, there are hardly any studies on this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to identify the predictive sociodemographic and psychosocial factors of psychological adjustment (life satisfaction and absence of internalizing symptoms) of emigrants and to determine the indirect effects of these factors through perceived stress. This study also seeks to examine whether the psychological adjustment of Spanish emigrants was similar to Spanish non-emigrants. The sample was made up of a group of Spanish emigrants to Germany and England (n = 858) and an equivalent control group of Spanish non-emigrants (n = 328). The results show that fulfilment of expectations, emotional support and job quality are the best predictors of perceived stress and psychological adjustment. These factors are confirmed to have indirect effects on psychological adjustment through perceived stress. Finally, the mental health of emigrants and non-emigrants was similar, and the implications of these findings are discussed.     

Joint models for mixed categorical outcomes: a study of HIV risk perception and disease status in Mozambique

Two types of bivariate models for categorical response variables are introduced to deal with special categories such as ‘unsure’ or ‘unknown’ in combination with other ordinal categories, while taking additional hierarchical data structures into account. The latter is achieved by the use of different covariance structures for a trivariate random effect. The models are applied to data from the INSIDA survey, where interest goes to the effect of covariates on the association between HIV risk perception (quadrinomial with an ‘unknown risk’ category) and HIV infection status (binary). The final model combines continuation-ratio with cumulative link logits for the risk perception, together with partly correlated and partly shared trivariate random effects for the household level. The results indicate that only age has a significant effect on the association between HIV risk perception and infection status. The proposed models may be useful in various fields of application such as social and biomedical sciences, epidemiology and public health.     

Psychological Mediators of the Sport Injury—Perceived Risk Relationship

Drawing upon both heuristic‐ and threat‐based approaches, we sought to examine whether perceived similarity with injury‐prone people and perceived control over injury occurrence would directly contribute to perceived risk and whether these variables would mediate the previous injury–perceived risk relationship. Judokas (n = 207) reported the number of injuries experienced in the past year and then completed measures of perceived similarity, perceived control, and injury risk perception. Analyses revealed that perceived similarity and perceived control directly contributed to perceived risk of injury; only perceived similarity acted as a partial mediator of the injury–perceived risk relationship. These findings are discussed in relation to the potential influence of the sport context, which universally involves the acceptance of a high risk of injury.     

农产品网购意愿影响因素及作用机理研究——基于参照效应视角的分析

以整合型科技接受和使用模型(UTAUT)和价值接受模型(VAM)为基础,通过构建参照群体、参考价格、积极在线评论与感知价值、感知风险以及购买意愿之间的关系模型,从参照效应视角实证分析了农产品网购意愿的影响因素及作用机理,并探讨了消费者农产品质量与安全意识在参照效应影响网购意愿中的调节作用.结果表明:参照效应对农产品网购意愿有显著影响;感知价值和感知风险在参照效应影响网购意愿中均发挥了中介作用,但感知价值的中介作用显著大于感知风险;消费者农产品质量与安全意识在参照效应影响网购意愿中部分地发挥了调节效应.其中,对参照群体和积极在线评论的调节效应显著,即网购过程中,消费者越是重视农产品质量与安全,参照群体的意见和积极在线评论对其网购意愿的影响就会越凸显.     

营销渠道中合同详尽性对角色外利他行为的影响——信任与投机的中介作用

以营销渠道行为理论为基础,探讨合同详尽性对经销商角色外利他行为的影响,并提出了信任与投机行为在合同详尽性与角色外利他行为关系间起中介作用。以中国家电行业经销商为调研对象,运用多元回归分析方法对660份有效问卷进行分析,研究结果表明:合同详尽性对经销商角色外利他行为具有显著的正向影响,经销商信任、供应商投机行为在合同详尽性与角色外利他行为之间起到部分中介作用。     

The belonging model of trust

Although we know that high‐quality employee–organization relationships are beneficial, these relationships are complex and not fully understood, especially among employees of nonprofit organizations. In particular, we know little about how these employees perceive trust, which may overlook an important contributor to effective management. We begin to address this issue by testing a new theoretical model that conceptualizes perceived insider status, psychological ownership, and organizational identification as foundations for the perception of justice and subsequent trust. Our results indicate that psychological ownership and perceived insider status relate to trust through procedural and interpersonal justice. These results contrast those typically found in for‐profit contexts in that organizational identification did not predict justice and that distributive and informational justice did not predict trust.