Psychological reactance and negative emotional reactions in the link between psychological control and adolescent adjustment

Researchers consistently report links between psychological control and adolescent behavior problems, but the processes linking psychological control with behavior problems are unclear. Adolescents’ negative emotional reactions and psychological reactance were tested as potential longitudinal mediators linking parental psychological control with both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Data were collected from a sample of 242 adolescents (M age = 15.4 at Time 1; 50.8% female; 50% white, non‐Hispanic, 18% African American, 16% Hispanic, and 16% of other or multiple ethnicities) at three time points over a 2‐year period. Adolescents self‐reported depressive symptoms, antisocial behavior, negative emotional reactions, and psychological reactance. Adolescents and their parents provided ratings of parental psychological control. Cross‐sectional models replicated patterns previously reported suggesting that negative emotional reactions and reactance mediate between psychological control and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. However, in cross‐lagged panel models, neither negative emotional reactions nor reactance emerged as a mediator between psychological control and internalizing or externalizing problems. In contrast, results suggested that psychological control is an outcome of rather than contributor to, negative emotional reactions. Moreover, the addition of random intercepts to cross‐lagged models indicated that associations between psychological control, emotional and behavioral reactions, and internalizing/externalizing behavior may represent stable trait‐like patterns.     

对大学生心理逆反量表的初步修订——以HPRS为基础

目前,在心理逆反测量领域,国外使用较广泛的是包含11个项目的《Hong氏心理逆反量表》(HPRS)。本研究以HPRS为基础,以711名大学生为被试,初步修订出了适合中国文化背景的大学生心理逆反量表,并对量表的信效度进行了检验。检验结果表明,大学生心理逆反量表并没有改变HPRS的四因素结构,验证性因素分析的结果显示修订的量表的四因素结构拟合较好,量表的内部一致性信度为0.813,分半信度为0.787。这说明修订后的大学生心理逆反量表具有良好的信效度,符合心理测量学要求。     

论情诗为曹植诗与古诗的基本属性

木斋先生《古诗研究的多种可能性<古诗论.总论>》与杨新民先生《中国古代爱情诗歌略论》中皆指出建安曹魏时代的诗歌共同属性为"爱情"基调。因建安时代摆脱两汉儒家伦理教化,风气不但滋养了曹植与甄后两人在性格与思想上的解放,更使两人的爱情反映在文学上,是具体且大胆地呈现在生理与心理的原始本能。并从曹植诗文集与古诗中之作品,结合社会心理学与心理学角度分析曹植、甄后两人于建安九至十六年初见,植对甄后单恋时内心的纠结。建安十六至十八年之突破期,描绘植、甄恋爱关系进程,阐发爱情在两人中所带来的效应与变化。     

缺货情境下顾客的心理抵制及行为倾向研究——基于网购促销的调节效应分析

在网络购物环境下,消费者遭遇促销产品缺货时引发的心理抵制和继而导致的消费行为倾向值得研究。在相关心理学和营销学理论的基础上,考察了心理抵制对消费者面临促销产品缺货后行为倾向的重要影响。通过情景模拟研究发现,当产品处于缺货状态,消费者根据"缺货"的归因不同,将产生不同的心理抵制水平;较强的心理抵制水平将导致消费倾向朝不利于商家的方向转移(转换店铺甚至下次不再光临),从而对商家带来损失;缺货归因对心理抵制水平的影响随着产品是否促销有显著差异。商家可通过提供替代品促销和到货通知服务的方式降低消费者的心理抵制水平。     

Testing the reactance vs. the reciprocity of politeness explanations for the effectiveness of the “but you are free” compliance-gaining technique

Two studies were conducted to assess whether reactance or politeness offers a better explanation of the effectiveness of the “but you are free” (BYAF) technique of gaining compliance. The first was conducted with an online survey in the US (N = 131) and found that the BYAF was associated with lower perceived freedom threat than a control or polite request. The second was a field study and collected data in France (N = 372), Norway (N = 360), and the US (N = 108) to test a 3 (direct request, polite request, or BYAF) × 2 (requester benefits or 3rd party group benefits) design. The BYAF was associated with higher compliance than the other two messages.     

The relationship between psychological reactance and emotional intelligence

Psychological reactance is a motivational force that may arise when ones freedom is threatened (Brehm, 1966). Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to label and control emotions. The purpose of this study is to explore relationships between reactance and emotional intelligence. A total of 298 undergraduate students (54.4% male) completed a measure of psychological reactance and EI. Results show that males with low behavioral reactance have significantly higher EI subscale scores on well-being, self-control, and emotionality. For females there is no significant difference between high and low behavioral reactance, and any of the EI subscales. However, for verbal reactance males with higher reactance scores have higher EI scores on self-control, well-being, emotionality, and sociability. Females with higher verbal reactance scores have higher EI scores on emotionality and sociability. These findings suggest that the relationship between reactance and EI is somewhat gender dependent and that overall emotionality is highly associated with reactance in both genders.     

Loss/Gain Framing,Dose, and Reactance: A Message Experiment

Whether a loss or gain frame has a persuasive advantage in communicating health risks is a matter of ongoing debate. Findings reported in the literature are mixed, suggesting that framing effects are likely complex and may be influenced by a combination of factors. This study examined reactance as a mediator and dose as a moderator of loss/gain framing effects. Adults (N = 1,039) read framed messages about the health consequences of physical (in)activity in varying message doses (i.e., number of framed statements). Compared to loss frames, gain frames generated more threat to freedom and reactance. Dosage exerted significant influence at the extremes; the one‐dose messages invoked less intentions to exercise compared to the four‐dose messages. Planned contrasts revealed significant frame × dose interactions. Notably, the one‐dose gain‐framed messages triggered significantly more freedom threat and less intentions to engage in physical activity—a situation that changed when the information was loss‐framed or when the dosage was increased.