骨骼肌肌浆网Ryanodine受体活性的调节及运动的影响

主要介绍二氢吡啶受体、Triadin、肌集钙蛋白、FK506结合蛋白、钙调蛋白等内源性调节蛋白,一氧化氮(NO)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、钙离子(Ca2+)等相关因子和蒽琨类等植物活性成分对骨骼肌肌浆网RyR活性的调节;运动对骨骼肌肌浆网RyR1的影响.为运动性疲劳和骨骼肌损伤的研究提供新的思路.     

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis: An important cause of encephalitis in young adults. A report of two cases

Encephalitis is a clinical syndrome which can include altered mental status, motor and sensory deficits, altered behavior including personality changes, speech and movement disorders and seizures. While the overall incidence of encephalitis is not known, it is common enough that most pediatric and adolescent medicine physicians will have seen at least one case. Peak times of risk include the newborn period and middle-to-late adolescence.¹ Dalmau J, Tüzün E, Wu HY, et al. Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Ann Neurol. 2007 Jan;61(1):25–36. doi:10.1002/ana.21050. PMID: 17262855.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] It is important for clinicians to have a working knowledge of the broad range of encephalitis etiologies: viral, post-viral, toxic, auto-immune, and paraneoplastic. We discuss two cases of encephalitis in young adult women with ovarian teratoma and production of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies.     

Building a Human Health Risk Assessment Ontology (RsO): A Proposed Framework

Over the last decade the health and environmental research communities have made significant progress in collecting and improving access to genomic, toxicology, exposure, health, and disease data useful to health risk assessment. One of the barriers to applying these growing volumes of information in fields such as risk assessment is the lack of informatics tools to organize, curate, and evaluate thousands of journal publications and hundreds of databases to provide new insights on relationships among exposure, hazard, and disease burden. Many fields are developing ontologies as a way of organizing and analyzing large amounts of complex information from multiple scientific disciplines. Ontologies include a vocabulary of terms and concepts with defined logical relationships to each other. Building from the recently published exposure ontology and other relevant health and environmental ontologies, this article proposes an ontology for health risk assessment (RsO) that provides a structural framework for organizing risk assessment information and methods. The RsO is anchored by eight major concepts that were either identified by exploratory curations of the risk literature or the exposure‐ontology working group as key for describing the risk assessment domain. These concepts are: (1) stressor, (2) receptor, (3) outcome, (4) exposure event, (5) dose‐response approach, (6) dose‐response metric, (7) uncertainty, and (8) measure of risk. We illustrate the utility of these concepts for the RsO with example curations of published risk assessments for ionizing radiation, arsenic in drinking water, and persistent pollutants in salmon.     

降糖药物——阿尔茨海默病治疗的新思路

流行病学研究表明2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM）能够增加患者发生阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer＇s disease,AD）的风险。进一步的分子机制研究也表明,胰岛素抵抗以及胰岛素缺乏,这个T2DM特征性和最主要的发病机制也在AD的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。近年来甚至有人提议将AD称作＂3型糖尿病＂。基于这些研究,降糖药物也许是治疗AD的一个新选择。大量的临床试验研究也已经表明AD患者能够从降糖药物中获益,本文将主要介绍胰岛素、二甲双胍、噻唑烷二酮类药物以及胰升糖素样多肽1类似物。     

Why can patients with erectile dysfunction be considered lucky? The association with testosterone deficiency and metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a diagnostic category, based on a cluster of risk factors (hyperglycemia/diabetes, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL cholesterol and hypertension), which identifies subjects at high risk for forthcoming type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Recently, a close association between MetS, erectile dysfunction (ED) and male hypogonadism has been reported. In patients with MetS, hypogonadism can exacerbate sexual dysfunction and arteriogenic ED because of its typical symptoms, such as decreased sexual desire and mood disturbances. On the other hand, hypogonadism per se has been associated with an increased risk of CV and overall mortality. Obesity and in particular central obesity is nowadays considered the most important determinant of MetS-induced hypogonadism whereas hypertension and diabetes play a major role in ED associated with MetS. This review analyses the current literature regarding the relationship between ED, MetS and hypogonadism emphasising the epidemiological and psychopathological aspects and stressing the concept that ED subjects are ‘lucky’, because ED offers a unique chance to undergo medical examination and therefore to improve not only their sexual but, most importantly, their overall health.     

外事宣传翻译技巧浅探

外事宣传有本身的语言特色和翻译目标。奈达的对等理论与交际理论在外事宣传翻译上有着很好的指导作用 ,灵活运用并利用四种翻译技巧可为外事宣传翻译增色不少     

中枢神经系统中GABA_A受体的亚单位组合

分子生物学研究阐明中枢神经系统中抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸 A 型(GABA_A)受体由不同的蛋白质亚单位组合构成。至今,15种亚单位,即6种α-(α_1-α_6)、3种β-(β_1-β_3)、3种γ-(γ_1-γ_3)、1种δ和2种ρ-(ρ_1-ρ_2)已被克隆和定序,而且还发现存在2种γ_2-(γ_(2S)和γ_(2L))、2种β_4-及γ_4-亚单位形式。每个亚单位由位于不同染色体上的不同的基因编码,它们在脑中具有不同的而又可交叉的区域分布。不同区域的由不同亚单位组合的 GABA_A 受体具有不同的药理学和生理学特征。     

Estrogen receptor alpha single nucleotide polymorphism as predictor of diabetes type 2 risk in hypogonadal men

Abstract

Estradiol (E2) is, apart from its role as a reproductive hormone, also important for cardiac function and bone maturation in both genders. It has also been shown to play a role in insulin production, energy expenditure and in inducing lipolysis. The aim of the study was to investigate if low circulating testosterone or E2 levels in combination with variants in the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) genes were of importance for the risk of type-2 diabetes. The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2207396 and rs1256049, in ESR1 and ESR2, respectively, were analysed by allele specific PCR in 172 elderly men from the population-based Tromsø study. The results were adjusted for age. In individuals with low total (≤11?nmol/L) or free testosterone (≤0.18?nmol/L) being carriers of the variant A-allele in ESR1 was associated with 7.3 and 15.9 times, respectively, increased odds ratio of being diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 (p?=?0.025 and p?=?0.018, respectively). Lower concentrations of E2 did not seem to increase the risk of being diagnosed with diabetes. In conclusion, in hypogonadal men, the rs2207396 variant in ESR1 predicts the risk of type 2 diabetes.     

Lower urinary tract symptoms and its potential relation with late-onset hypogonadism

The study of the health status of the aging male takes presently a more integrative approach and it appears that ailments typical of male aging, such as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), (visceral) obesity, metabolic syndrome and erectile failure are significantly interrelated. A common denominator of the above ailments is lower-than-normal testosterone levels occurring in a significant proportion of elderly men. This review addresses the potential connections between LUTS and late-onset hypogonadism. In animal studies there appear to be androgen and estrogen receptors in the urothelium and smooth muscle cells of the urethra and bladder of the rat and rabbit, as well as in the neurons in the autonomic ganglia of the prostatic plexus of the male rat. Upon castration electrically evoked relaxations of the smooth muscle of the prostatic urethra were decreased. There is a Rho-kinase activation/endothelin pathway; possibly involved in the increased smooth muscle activity found in both LUTS/benign prostate hyperplasia. Nitric oxide (NO) appears to have a smooth muscle relaxing effect in the urogenital organs. Studies in humans have convincingly shown that phosphodiestererase inhibitors have a beneficial effect on LUTS. More intervention studies should be undertaken to test the clinical validity of the theoretically plausible interrelationship between LUTS and late-onset hypogonadism.     

从传播学角度谈翻译的受体研究

指出翻译作为现代传播的一种方式,具有信息传播“动态”“共享”“交流”的共性,并借用传播学中受众研究的相关理论对翻译受体的特征和类型进行分析,强调完整的翻译过程应该考虑到受体的反馈,努力达到翻译的预期目的和译文的功能,否则就是“无的放矢”。