8 mm点聚焦透镜天线的工程设计

根据等离子体密度的测量要求,设计了一种工作于8mm频段的点聚焦透镜天线。对系统进行仿真和实验验证,仿真及实验结果均证实了设计的可行性和正确性,高次模可以忽略的理论也得到了有力的证明,为天线的工程设计提供了一定的理论和参考价值。     

从两个“历史决议”看中国共产党政治民主的发展

对两个“历史决议”的研究,一直是学术界关注的焦点。文章试图从政治学的视角,对两个“历史决议”的文本进行一个全新的解读,通过对两个“历史决议”形成过程和内容的比较,勾勒出中国共产党政治民主的发展历程,揭示出政治民主作为一个特定历史概念所表现出来的民主基本原则的共性与不同时期、不同社会、不同制度下的个性特征。     

作为试验手段的复议前置制度

近年来,推动行政复议成为化解行政争议主渠道的呼声越来越高。早期的行政复议制度存在同案不同判、中立性无法保证等弊端,导致其公信力较弱。实现行政复议成为化解行政争议的主渠道,核心要义是完善行政复议制度,首要课题是恢复行政复议制度的公信力。从长远来看,应将行政复议前置制度视为一项试验手段,通过确立行政复议前置标准逐步扩大行政复议前置的适用范围,重建行政复议的制度公信力。结合行政复议前置的判定标准和行政行为的现实特征,当前可以将政府信息公开行为、负担行政行为、授益行政行为等具体行政行为确定为行政复议前置的试验领域。     

Parenting Disputes After Separation and Divorce: Who Needs a Family Lawyer?

Australia's family law system continues to be plagued by serious delays. This article acknowledges the need for legal interventions in post‐separation parenting disputes in which individuals may be at risk, or in cases of genuine emergency. The article next contrasts cases involving significant risk or urgency with the many ‘ordinary’ (even if sometimes complex) post‐separation disputes over parenting in which these circumstances are not present. I argue that in such cases, legal advice, legally informed dispute processes, and court hearings are remnants from earlier attitudes to separation and divorce. These interventions are expensive, frequently destructive of ongoing parental relationships, and at their heart, inappropriate for considering the needs of children. They also divert time and resources from the critical investigative and legal decision‐making processes needed in urgent or risk‐related cases. I propose that legal narratives in ‘ordinary’ post‐separation parenting disputes be replaced by narratives focused on the main drivers of these disputes, which are invariably expressed in terms of relationship difficulties. Such narratives are amenable to facilitative, therapeutic, and systemic interventions aimed at achieving self‐determined resolutions. They contrast markedly with narratives reflecting common law notion of normative resolutions derived from the application of legal precedent. Key issues in the first section of the article are then teased out via the reflections of an imaginary separated parent in an ‘ordinary,’ albeit difficult and emotionally intense, dispute about how to care for the children. In the final section, I offer brief clinical and systemic reflections on past practice and on future narratives focused on individual self‐determination.     

我国城镇化进程中家庭、学校与社会教育关系的失序与消解

农村教育承担着促进“人的城镇化”之重任,需通过横向互补和纵向有序的共谐结构体系来保障。农村城镇化进程中家庭、学校及社会教育处于一种“失序”状态,其结构功能、目的意识呈现出萎缩与非自觉,造成农村中小学生学习过程“压迫”、农村社会成员生命生活“物化”、农村传统文化精神价值颓废等危害。为消除这些危害,提升城镇化进程中农村教育的效益性,有必要采取分合位育：注重农村家庭、学校、社会教育结构的互补性;以人为本：凸显农村家庭、学校、社会教育实践的人性化;上下结合：加强农村家庭、学校、社会教育改革的草根化等策略措施。     

乡土社会调解的法律文化学思考

调解一直是我国乡土社会重要的解纷方式,本文基于法律文化视角,从乡土社会的传统文化基础、现实法律文化背景以及国外解纷发展趋势三个方面,思考了在我国法治化进程中,调解在乡土社会解纷体系中的地位,认为在建构我国多元化的解纷体系时,应重视调解解纷机制的作用。     

轴不对称联芳香化合物的研究5.(+)-和(-)-9,9’-联菲-10,10’-二甲酸的合成

文中讨论了(+)-和(-)-9,9′-联菲-10,10′-二甲酸的合成路线设计.选出了最佳的合成路线,其中关键中间体是10-溴-9-菲甲酸.其合成方法是在碱性条件下使9-菲甲酸与溴溴化钾—DMF发生10-位溴代反应,产率很好.研究中也探讨了U11mann反应的条件。合成所得的光学纯的(+)-和(-)-9,9′-联菲-10,10′-二甲酸在碱性和中性条件下均难以消旋,说明它有僵硬的轴不对称结构.     

分贷统还合同的法律性质与违约风险化解

分贷统还合同为政府通过合约统一贴息实现了扶贫资金的公司化运作,有效地发挥财政扶贫资金的整体效益,但也产生了合同法律性质认定争议大、合同履行易受政策变化影响;户贷企用导致贷款用途和资金安全存在风险,公司分红还款系统性违约等弊端,如公司经营不善,贷款亏空,一旦出现系统性违约,不仅影响农村社会稳定和政府公信力,司法机关亦将面临纠纷批量涌入的现实问题。为趋利避害,分贷统还合同有必要在综合衡量扶贫目的、公司盈利及扶贫责任和银行资金安全的基础上,调整户贷企用政策,甄别债权类型,考虑违约的具体情势,从实操层面化解分贷统还合同违约风险。     

中国电信“拆分”行为法理分析——从反垄断视角阐释

“拆分”是世界上大多数国家电信业反垄断的救济措施,从行政法角度分析,拆分是一种政府行为,体现了政府管理市场的经济职能;从公司法角度分析,拆分于某些情况下等同于公司法上的“分立”,与“合并”相对应;从反垄断法角度分析,拆分是一种反垄断的救济措施,中国电信的三次“拆分”推动了中国电信业的发展。但仍亟需反垄断法和电信法的出台。     

Challenges of implementing restorative justice for intimate partner violence: An Islamic perspective

ABSTRACT

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is currently recognized as a critical public health concern and a human rights issue. Not surprisingly, Muslims – a religiously and socio-culturally diverse faith-based populace – are not an exception. To address this complex area of criminal justice and social policy, some scholars advocate implementing restorative justice (RJ) approaches. While RJ approaches have been traditionally used in Islamic cultures for conflict resolutions, to date, few studies have investigated how RJ operates in dealing with IPV in Muslim countries and communities. This article explores how RJ approaches towards IPV operate in some Muslim countries/communities, and offers insights into developing culturally and religiously appropriate ways of implementing RJ in IPV situations among Muslims. Given the prevalence of IPV among Muslims, the question is particularly important and timely. Taking exclusively limited examples of RJ approaches that have been used to mediate IPV cases in Muslim countries and communities, this paper found one significant challenge in the RJ approaches among Muslims: community acceptance of IPV. To reduce IPV in Muslim society, it is necessary to develop treatment models and techniques that meet cultural and religious needs. This paper found that since RJ is not alien to Islamic teachings, RJ approaches can be implemented effectively in dealing with IPV among Muslims by ensuring justice and equity of the abused woman. The findings of this paper will assist policymakers, practitioners, and service providers in providing religiously and culturally appropriate care when addressing IPV issues among Muslims.