Translating cross-lagged effects into incidence rates and risk ratios: The case of psychosocial safety climate and depression

Longitudinal studies are the gold standard of empirical work and stress research whenever experiments are not plausible. Frequently, scales are used to assess risk factors and their consequences, and cross-lagged effects are estimated to determine possible risks. Methods to translate cross-lagged effects into risk ratios to facilitate risk assessment do not yet exist, which creates a divide between psychological and epidemiological work stress research. The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate how cross-lagged effects can be used to assess the risk ratio of different levels of psychosocial safety climate (PSC) in organisations, an important psychosocial risk for the development of depression. We used available longitudinal evidence from the Australian Workplace Barometer (N?=?1905) to estimate cross-lagged effects of PSC on depression. We applied continuous time modelling to obtain time-scalable cross effects. These were further investigated in a 4-year Monte Carlo simulation, which translated them into 4-year incident rates. Incident rates were determined by relying on clinically relevant 2-year periods of depression. We suggest a critical value of PSC?=?26 (corresponding to ?1.4 SD), which is indicative of more than 100% increased incidents of persistent depressive disorder in 4-year periods compared to average levels of PSC across 4 years.     

Re‐framing the Analysis: A 3‐dimensional Perspective of Prisoners’ Children's Well‐being

This article highlights three dimensions to understanding children's well‐being during and after parental imprisonment which have not been fully explored in current research. A consideration of ‘time’ reveals the importance of children's past experiences and their anticipated futures. A focus on ‘space’ highlights the impact of new or altered environmental dynamics. A study of ‘agency’ illuminates how children cope within structural, material and social confines which intensify vulnerability and dependency. This integrated perspective reveals important differences in individual children's experiences and commonalities in broader systemic and social constraints on prisoners’ children. The paper analyses data from a prospective longitudinal study of 35 prisoners’ children during and after their (step) father's imprisonment to illustrate the arguments.     

The ‘right time’ – negotiating the timing of interviews with vulnerable young people

Participant retention is a key factor in determining the success of longitudinal research. Challenges in re-locating and retaining participants over the long term are major issues for researchers working with young people who face adversity and experience frequent changes in circumstances. This article reports on a study of vulnerable young people and their transition into adulthood. Rather than the more conventional schedule-based approach to locating and re-interviewing young people, a relational process, the ‘right time’ framework, was used to facilitate young people's involvement in the study. Embedded in the ‘right time’ framework is recognition of the diverse and fluctuating circumstances that shape young people's availability for interviews. Several case examples are considered which amplify the way that the ‘right time’ framework allowed the research to navigate around these circumstances. The case examples highlight the value young people attached to being involved in the research, the influence on the ‘right time’ of wider relational tensions for young people and the need to negotiate researcher status as a different sort of adult. The ‘right time’ framework contributed to a high retention rate in the study generating a more representative sample and enhancing the subsequent data analysis by providing valuable insights into the lives of these vulnerable young people.     

消费者导向类型与电商全渠道决策研究

从现实出发，基于不同消费者导向类型研究了电商的全渠道决策问题。首先建立电商单渠道销售的基础模型，并得出最优产品组合、价格和交付时间。在此基础上，给出了消费者为产品导向型和渠道导向型情况下电商采取全渠道决策的条件，得出双渠道产品组合、价格及交付时间的最优决策；并进行了数值验证。研究发现，同一渠道提供的产品其最优价格相同，最优交付时间只和消费者耐心程度及交付成本函数有关。若消费者为产品导向型，仅当双渠道运营成本之差较小且消费者耐心程度较低时，电商进入线下渠道才有利可图，且在线下渠道提供最受欢迎的产品，线上渠道提供剩余产品。若消费者为渠道导向型，电商进入线下渠道必然有利可图，且在线下渠道提供最受欢迎的产品，线上渠道提供所有产品。     

美国英语与美国人的时间观

语言作为文化的一部分，是文化的重要表达形式，透过一个民族的语言层面，可以窥见这个民族的文化形态。本文试图通过分析美国英语与时间有关的用语，来探讨美国人支配、利用时间的方式，以及时间这一无声的语言在美国文化中所蕴含的意义。     

浅析汉语中表因果关系句子的英译法

由于英汉两种语言的差异,汉语中表因果关系的句子翻译成英文有不同的译法,除了采用原因状语从句的结构,还可以采用时间状语从句、地点状语从句、定语从句、不定式短语、介词短语、独立主格结构等多种不同的表达方式。     

高性能可重构DSP处理器的数据通路设计

介绍了高性能定点可重构DSP处理器的数据通路设计。该数据通路以功能强大的16位定点计算单元为基础,搭建起高速16位数据处理平台;并能以单指令流多数据流的方式灵活支持多维向量运算;通过重构的方法有效地支持了32位数据处理。     

冲激噪声环境中LFM信号的特征参数估计

SαS稳定分布是一类非常重要的非高斯随机分布,具有这类分布的噪声称为冲激噪声。在冲激噪声情况下,α阶以上的矩均不存在,导致基于二阶矩的高斯模型算法性能下降,甚至不能正常工作。该文提出了一种在冲激噪声环境下线性调频信号特征参数估计的算法,通过分析冲激噪声的具体特点,给出了修正的低阶矩模糊函数,并结合Radon变换估计了冲激噪声环境下LFM信号的参数。该算法既可应用于冲激噪声下,又可应用于高斯噪声环境,故具有较好的鲁棒性。最后用计算机仿真验证了该算法的有效性。     

小波分析在管理数据处理中的应用

提出了一种基于小波变换的管理数据处理方法，把公司管理上的数据看成一个非平稳的时间序列，利用小渡函数将该时间序列分解到不同的频率通道上，然后将分解后的信号当作近似的平稳时间序列，用一些传统的统计方法进行预测，同时对中国足球彩票若干期的销售量数据进行了处理和预测，并将结果与实际销量以及用传统的AR模型的预测值进行了比较。     

《中华苏维埃共和国宪法》的再探讨

长期以来 ,史学界忽视了中华苏维埃共和国成立时 ,制定的《中华苏维埃共和国宪法》 ,极个别学者虽然引起了注意 ,但错误地把它混同于当时制定的《中华苏维埃共和国宪法草案》 ,我们认为《中华苏维埃共和国宪法》的存在是不容置疑的 ,1 931年 2月前 ,由中共中央和共产国际远东局共同起草 ,由于苏维埃政权当时还局限于中国的局部地区 ,故未提交“一苏大”讨论