江南古镇商业化倾向及其可持续发展对策——以浙北三镇为例

江南水乡古镇旅游业发展20多年以来,商业化现象日益严重,古镇沿街充斥着服务旅游者的各色同质化的商铺和商品,不仅冲淡古镇原真景观特征,形成古镇因利趋同格局,而且改变了居民生活方式并成为重要的生活基础,直接干扰居民日常生活,破坏古镇整体人文生态系统的和谐,破坏古镇原有自然风貌和景观环境。立足于古镇原真性保护,在商业化快速发展的过程中政府应淡出商业利益,严格控制商业发展;拓展和营造多样化社区参与旅游的方式和途径,调整利益分配体制,建立行业利益平衡机制;鼓励和发展传统手工艺,形成旅游体验与民间非物质文化遗产保护双赢格局。     

孔子学院的发展现状、问题及趋势

孔子学院是以教授汉语和传播中国文化为宗旨的非营利的公益机构，是海外朋友学习汉语了解中国的窗口，也是学习借鉴不同文化、促进多元文化交流发展而构建和谐世界的平台。作为汉语国际推广的龙头产品，孔子学院的建设已经初具规模，发展的势头引人瞩目。本文谨就孔子学院的发展现状、存在问题以及未来的趋势作一概括性的阐述和分析。     

当代中国文学思潮的特点与模式

文学思潮是一个时代的文学创作潮流中所表现出来的那个社会的时代精神和社会风尚,以及那个时代起主导作用的文学创作的理论和方法。文学思潮有以下几个特点一、深层性;二、理论性;三、群体性;四、时段性;五、实践性。对于划分和命名文学思潮,应该尽可能地宽容。然而,宽容并不是没有原则。当代中国文坛独特的结构和制度,决定了当代文学思潮的特点。主要表现在一、文学理论和创作极度密切的关系;二、文学思潮少有自发产生的,基本上是自觉的、自上而下提倡的;三、由于基本是自觉的,所以是理性的。     

词汇研究新趋势与英汉词汇对比研究的方法和内容

经过100多年的演变和发展,现代语言学研究取得了丰硕的成果,对词汇研究产生了巨大的影响。为适应词汇研究的新趋势,现代英汉词汇对比研究应突破传统的窠臼,找准确有可比性的研究对象,在理论和方法上显示现代哲学、现代语言学、现代语义学和数理语言学的特色。     

当代环境文化建设的理论变革及其发展趋势

人类的环境文化表征着人与自然之间相互关系变迁的整个过程。面对近现代以来被扭曲和异化的环境文化,当代环境文化正在进行理论变革。必须全面推进可持续发展战略,转变工业生产方式、经济增长模式和人们生活方式,从而建立起人与自然协同进化、促进环境公平和实现生态现代化的当代新型环境文化。     

Myths and realities about input subsidies in sub‐Saharan Africa

Using a recent public expenditure dataset, this article proposes a ‘reality check’ of the level and composition of input subsidies in nine African countries between 2006 and 2013. Results show that input subsidies (1) received close to 35% of agricultural‐specific expenditure on average and (2) cover a variety of interventions, including investments in capital, such as on‐farm irrigation, and in on‐farm services, such as inspection or training. Further, the figures show that input subsidies tended to become entrenched in agricultural budgets over time, leading to sub‐optimal execution rates, and were primarily funded by the national taxpayer, while donors invested more in public goods. Findings confirm that input subsidies crowded out other spending categories likely to be more supportive of long‐term agricultural development objectives. The article concludes that the political economy of input subsidies should be directed to making more concrete efforts to attain a better balance of public expenditure on agriculture. Furthermore, policy‐makers should aim to increase the efficiency and policy coherence of input subsidies, since merely abolishing them is likely to be unfeasible in the short term.     

Couple Longevity in the Era of Same‐Sex Marriage in the United States

The author used a new longitudinal data set, the How Couples Meet and Stay Together surveys (N = 3,009), to generate the first nationally representative comparison of same‐sex couple stability and heterosexual couple stability in the United States. He measured the association between marriage (by several definitions of marriage) and couple longevity for same‐sex couples in the United States. Reports of same‐sex relationship instability in the past were due in part to the low rate of marriages among same‐sex couples. After controlling for marriage and marriage‐like commitments, the break‐up rate for same‐sex couples was comparable to (and not statistically distinguishable from) the break‐up rate for heterosexual couples. The results revealed that same‐sex couples who had a marriage‐like commitment had stable unions regardless of government recognition. A variety of predictors of relationship dissolution for heterosexual and for same‐sex couples are explored.     

A general inversion theorem for cointegration

A generalization of the Granger and the Johansen Representation Theorems valid for any (possibly fractional) order of integration is presented. This Representation Theorem is based on inversion results that characterize the order of the pole and the coefficients of the Laurent series representation of the inverse of a matrix function around a singular point. Explicit expressions of the matrix coefficients of the (polynomial) cointegrating relations, of the Common Trends and of the Triangular representations are provided, either starting from the Moving Average or the Auto Regressive form. This contribution unifies different approaches in the literature and extends them to an arbitrary order of integration. The role of deterministic terms is discussed in detail.     

历史虚无主义的唯物史观透视

近年来,历史虚无主义在我国的重新泛起,有其深刻的历史背景和社会根源.历史虚无主义存在于众多领域,影响面广,危害度深.历史虚无主义打着"创新"的旗号,歪曲历史,削解民族精神,贬低革命,解构主流意识形态,否定党的领导和社会主义制度.     

德国社会保障法律制度述评

德国社会保障法律制度的建立和发展有着其深刻的社会历史背景,首先是文化传统,其次是工人运动,再次是经济体制——社会市场经济。德国社会保障法包括社会保险法、社会促进法、社会补偿法和社会救济法。德国社会保障法的主要特点是,社会保障责任主体方面实行社会责任原则、由自治性社会组织——社会保障机构负责社会保险事务,收支模式是现收现付制,筹资形式模式是收费制。主要问题是社会保障水平过高,影响了人们的工作积极性;社会保障支出增长过快、财政和社会负担过重。德国社会保障法一直处于渐变中,主要是增加个人责任和自由。