国库集中支付制度实施对高校财务管理的影响及对策分析

国库集中支付制度是财政管理制度改革的一项重要内容。在高校实施国库集中支付制度,对加强高校财务管理发挥了积极的作用．同时也遇到一些实际困难和问题。本文论述了这项制度在高校具体实施过程中所引发的问题,并对此提出了对策。     

论北京“城中村”改造——兼述流动人口聚居区合作治理

2009年以来北京开始进行大规模的城中村改造。这场由政府主导的乡村社会变革,对城乡结合部流动人口聚居区产生了重要影响。本文在概括北京城中村改造模式的基础上,对城中村改造的作用给予了积极评价,同时指出城中村改造周边地区可能面临更深的发展困境,应通过合作治理寻求解决城乡结合部流动人口聚居区社会问题的治理之道。目前北京已经具备了实现流动人口聚居区合作治理的基本条件,可以在市区政府是主导、乡村组织是枢纽、社区成员是核心、社会团体和社会单位(企业)是支撑、专业NGO是助推器的合作治理框架下,以生活设施改造和社会管理体制创新为突破口,统筹兼顾尚待城市化地区的协调发展。     

Neighborhood conditions and social network turnover among older adults

Increasing research highlights heterogeneity in patterns of social network change, with growing evidence that these patterns are shaped in part by social structure. The role of social and structural neighborhood conditions in the addition and loss of kin and non-kin network members, however, has not been fully considered. In this paper, we argue that the residential neighborhood context can either facilitate or prevent the turnover of core network relationships in later life – a period of the life course characterized by heightened reliance on network ties and vulnerability to neighborhood conditions. Using longitudinal data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project linked with data from the American Community Survey, we find that higher levels of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage are associated with the loss of older adults’ kin and non-kin network members over time. Higher levels of perceived neighborhood social interaction, however, are associated with higher rates of adding non-kin network members and lower rates of adding kin network members over time. We suggest that neighborhood conditions, including older adults’ perceptions of neighborhood social life, represent an underexplored influence on kin and non-kin social network dynamics, which could have implications for access to social resources later in the life course.     

The making of a ghetto: Spatially concentrated poverty in New York City in the 1980s

In recent years a debate has arisen over which of two mechanisms — class selective household mobility or spatially focused increases in poverty — has been the driving force in concentrating poverty in certain inner-city neighborhoods. This paper utilizes a multivariate analysis to identify the processes underlying areal income-class transition in New York City during 1978–1987, and the areal characteristics that predict a consistent path of change. By anchoring the analysis at the level of the individual housing unit, this study disentangles the competing mechanisms of poverty concentration and demonstrates that both selective mobility and shifts in income class contribute to areal income-class transition, but that the latter mechanism accounts for a greater amount of change. Further, after controlling for the proportion of minority residents and public housing units in the area, the results show that location in poor areas is associated with poor in-movement, nonpoor out-movement, and downward shifts in the income class among long-term residents. These mutually reinforcing processes lead to continued decline in extreme- and high-poverty areas, while processes in the opposite direction sustain the economic vitality of low-poverty areas.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1992 meetings of the Population Association of America in Denver, Colorado.     

Can institutional investors fix the corporate governance problem? Some Danish evidence

It has been advocated within corporate governance that institutional investors may discipline management in listed firms and thereby alleviate the free rider problem associated with dispersed ownership. This article tests this hypothesis using a sample of Danish listed firms during 1998–2001 determining, whether ownership by institutional investors impacts performance, measured by Tobin’s q. Using three stage least squares, it is shown that aggregate ownership by institutional investors does not influence firm performance. However, when decomposing the results, it is found that joint ownership by the largest two Danish institutional investors, has a significant negative impact firm performance. Ownership by banks and to a lesser extent insurance companies significantly influences firm performance positively. The results somehow challenge the conventional wisdom, arguing that the black box view of institutional investors should be abandon. Therefore it is suggested that a more careful analysis should be devoted to each institutional investors own legal environment.

不同经济发展水平下农民集中居住后的福利变化研究——基于江苏省高淳县和盱眙县的比较分析

在森的“可行能力”框架下构建农民福利的评价指标体系,运用模糊评价方法评价江苏省高淳县和盱眙县农民集中居住后的福利变化.结果发现:(1)集中居住改善了农户的居住条件和居住环境,但并没有显著改善农户的家庭经济状况、社会保障状况、社会资本状况和参与决策自由等功能;(2)经济发展水平较低的盱眙地区的农民集中居住后的福利改善水平显著高于经济发展水平较高的高淳地区.政策含义为优先实施经济不发达地区的农民集中居住项目和合理选择集中居住模式有利于保障农民福利和节约土地.     

Neighborhoods, employment, and welfare use: Assessing the influence of neighborhood socioeconomic composition

We draw upon data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study to examine the effect of neighborhood socioeconomic composition on two key economic outcomes, and in doing so to test the validity of the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE) as a measure of neighborhood circumstances. Methodologically, we find that the index succinctly captures economic variation within neighborhoods in a way that avoids problems of colinearity that have characterized prior studies. Neighborhoods can be characterized as falling on a continuum ranging from concentrated disadvantage to concentrated advantage; the ICE measure does a good job capturing this variation and differentiating the neighborhood circumstances experienced by different groups. Substantively, we show that neighborhood economic circumstances are related to new mothers’ welfare use and employment, above and beyond their individual socioeconomic characteristics.     

论城管执法权来源的非法性

城管执法权来源，亦指城管行使执法权的依据。城管执法来源的合法性问题，也就是指城管执法权依据是否有效。如果城管执法权依据没有依据或依据无效，则城管执法权来源具有非法性；否则，具有合法性。城管执法伴随着创建文明城市而逐步发展起来。它一方面为提升城市形象、维护城市秩序作出了积极贡献，另一方面也经常因“城管打人”等负面新闻而招致批评。近年来，城管执法制度的是是非非，致使社会对城管执法权来源的合法性提出强烈质疑。为此，笔者考查城管执法权来源现状，从城管执法职权的类型角度，以行政法基本原理论证城管执法权来源不具有合法性。同时提出制定《中华人民共和国城市管理法》的立法建议，以保障城市有序发展，促进构建和谐社会。     

饲粮膨化处理对哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响

6窝74头荣昌纯种哺乳仔猪,以窝为单位随机分为两组,20—60日龄分别饲喂同配方、不同加工处理(制粒、膨化)的两种日粮,测定乳猪的增重、料耗、鲜粪中大肠杆菌数、乳猪腹泻发生率等指标。结果表明:膨化饲料提高了饲料进食量2.56％(P>0.05)、日增重18.30％(P<0.01),改善了饲料报酬13.39％(P<0.05);鲜粪中大肠杆菌数:20日龄无显著差异(P>0.05),60日龄时膨化料组较制粒组降低43.90％(P<0.01);制粒腹泻发生78头次,而膨化组发生17头次。     

农民工歧视现象的原因分析与形象建构

在我国这样一个农业人口占绝大多数的国家,城市化的主体是农民,国家工业化的主体也是农民,离开和排斥农民,国家的城市化和工业化都不能成功。但是在现实社会中,农民工在许多方面都不能与城市的其他成员享受同等的待遇,甚至遭到城市人的歧视,严重影响农民工融入城市社会,进而影响我国的城市化、工业化进程。本文试图通过对农民工歧视现象及原因的分析,探索出一些重建农民工形象的对策和建议。