我国民族素质研究的标志性成果--读都永浩新著《民族素质论》

本文认为,<民族素质论>的出版,既是对中国民族理论学科研究领域的拓展和深化,又是民族素质研究的标志性成果.它的学术贡献主要有深度探讨了民族素质的概念;全面论述了研究民族素质的意义和其所能发挥的作用;科学地分析了民族素质的形成与发展过程;辩证地阐述了现代民族素质诸结构及其相互关系等.     

Reconciliation with the Utility of Chance by Elaborated Outcomes Destroys the Axiomatic Basis of Expected Utility Theory

Expected utility theory does not directly deal with the utility of chance. It has been suggested in the literature (Samuelson, 1952, Markowitz, 1959) that this can be remedied by an approach which explicitly models the emotional consequences which give rise to the utility of chance. We refer to this as the elaborated outcomes approach. It is argued that the elaborated outcomes approach destroys the possibility of deriving a representation theorem based on the usual axioms of expected utility theory. This is shown with the help of an example due to Markowitz. It turns out that the space of conceivable lotteries over elaborated outcomes is too narrow to permit the application of the axioms. Moreover it is shown that a representation theorem does not hold for the example.