呼伦贝尔民歌民俗文化解读

呼伦贝尔大草原是蒙古族的古老发祥地 ,它不仅在历史上有特殊的地位 ,其民歌也如离离原上草一样繁茂。流传在呼伦贝尔蒙古人口中的民歌珍藏了民族的心音 ,表现了他们的独特习俗。我们从呼伦贝尔民歌———这一劳动人民世代创造并传唱的“心曲”中可以看到它所体现出的蒙古族物质民俗的发展和变化。这些表现蒙古族物质民俗的呼伦贝尔民歌 ,以草原奔放、豪迈的性格 ,为我们展示了当地蒙古族人民衣食住行的一幅幅画面     

Modeling cooperation among self-interested agents: a critique

This paper reviews recent attempts to model cooperation in groups of self-interested unrelated individuals. It concludes that no empirically plausible model has been developed, and the economist's quest for an explanation of human prosociality in terms of self-interested agents has not been successful. We show that the equilibrium criteria employed in standard game-theoretic models have no attractive dynamic properties, and the mechanisms deployed in these models are not generally seen in empirical examples of cooperative groups. We also show that these models are not robust to plausible rates of signaling error and mutation. We present an alternative, involving strongly reciprocal agents, that satisfies all the requirements for a dynamically stable model of cooperation.     

"吃讲茶"习俗与民间纠纷解决

"吃讲茶"是清代至民国时期长江流域的一种专门的解纷习俗。它的解纷模式属于不同于国家解决和个人解决的社会解决模式。这一模式以临时集会的形式,以茶馆为纠纷解决场所,以"中人"或茶客为解纷主体,将民间调解与民间审判有机结合。它所走的多元化解纷路线、它对民间和谐文化元素和民间公共舆论场所的利用等因素,对于矫正中国今天严重影响社会和谐的"诉讼单边主义"倾向具有重要的借鉴意义。     

葬礼:面对死亡的社会安排 ———城市环境下葬礼仪式浅析

通过实地观察和对殡仪馆工作人员的访谈，描绘了天津市城市内部现有的国家规范框架下葬礼仪式的具体过程以及附着在这个框架下的民间习俗的现状，试图通过对国家规范框架下的“正式”葬礼仪式及与其相对的“非正式”仪式——家庭告别仪式的程序形式的简略描述，展现在城市中普通个人的葬礼基于公共环境和家庭环境不同场景所采用的不同仪式过程。这是民间习俗对规范仪式的补充，同时也是“正式”规范对这种“非正式”实践的通融和消化。在描述现状之外，作者试图讨论蕴含在葬礼仪式中，不同死亡个体的葬礼仪式形式、规模及参与者等方面的区分所展现出的一种社会对死亡个体生前所处社会结构地位的认同，这种认同不仅反映了仪式所处社会背景的秩序和结构，也强化了这个社会的秩序和价值判断标准。     

建构适合我国国情的新型医疗救助体制

医疗救助是社会救助体制的重要组成部分,它是政府和社会对贫困人口中因病而无经济能力进行治疗的人实施专项帮助和支持的行为。文章对我国实施医疗救助的迫切性与重要性加以论述,并提出建构适合我国国情的新型医疗救助体制的构想。     

基于CNKI的国内医学用途英语教学研究进展分析（2011—2020）

对近十年来国内医学用途英语教学研究进展进行了整体回顾和概要总结。利用中国知网CNKI文献分析工具,对2011至2020年发表的医学用途英语学术论文进行检索统计,从发文量、文献来源、作者及机构分布、研究主题、研究视角等维度进行进展分析。研究发现,知网共发表相关主题论文342篇,其中核心期刊论文26篇,主要从医学用途英语所面临的挑战、需求分析、教学模式、教学改革、教材编写以及医学用途英语教师转型发展等视角展开讨论。研究认为未来的医学用途英语教学研究需要走“外语+医学”跨学科特色发展路径,以培养更多面向新时代的复合型医学人才。     

The effects of psychiatric symptoms on quality of life assessments among the chronic mentally ill

This study of chronically mentally disabled persons in community residences examined the discriminant validity of subjective quality of life indicators and self-report mental health indices to determine the potential confounding effects of psychopathology on the assessment of quality of life (QOL). Factor analyses and difference-score reliabilities identified a general QOL construct and a general mental health construct with 27% common variance. However, psychiatric symptoms did not significantly (p less than .05) alter the bivariate and multivariate relationships among the QOL ratings, except in the health domain in which the correlations of health-related QOL indicators with global QOL were significantly (p less than .05) attenuated after removing the effects of psychopathology. The results suggest that psychopathology does not introduce bias into the overall structure of QOL data, but they also indicate the importance of controlling for mental health effects in the assessment of patients' self-rated health and satisfaction with health care.     

Treatment Choice With Trial Data: Statistical Decision Theory Should Supplant Hypothesis Testing

Abstract

A central objective of empirical research on treatment response is to inform treatment choice. Unfortunately, researchers commonly use concepts of statistical inference whose foundations are distant from the problem of treatment choice. It has been particularly common to use hypothesis tests to compare treatments. Wald’s development of statistical decision theory provides a coherent frequentist framework for use of sample data on treatment response to make treatment decisions. A body of recent research applies statistical decision theory to characterize uniformly satisfactory treatment choices, in the sense of maximum loss relative to optimal decisions (also known as maximum regret). This article describes the basic ideas and findings, which provide an appealing practical alternative to use of hypothesis tests. For simplicity, the article focuses on medical treatment with evidence from classical randomized clinical trials. The ideas apply generally, encompassing use of observational data and treatment choice in nonmedical contexts.     

近代天津的瘟疫流行与慈善机构的医疗救济

近代天津是一个瘟疫多发的城市,尤其是在水旱灾害频发的年份。瘟疫流行期间,天津市各慈善团体均致力于疫病的防治、控制和治疗。他们的善举有效地控制了疫情,拯救了许多人的生命,尤其是士绅倡导的"防疫"理念为近代公共卫生体制的确立提供了市民基础。     

The recruitment and selection of hospital medical consultants

Abstract

The literature on selection has been dominated in recent decades by the ‘prediction’ paradigm. Such an approach requires a substantial number of positions to be filled in order to compute validity coefficients. There are other approaches, using a different paradigm, when concentrated on adjusting the organization and the employee. Here careful analysis of job demands is essential. This article describes such an analysis, taking the medical consultant as an example. The method can be used in an iterative way. It is useful when one has to work with small numbers of positions.