立陶宛《能源法》及其对我国能源立法的启示

我国在能源法治建设方面相对滞后,在《能源法》起草过程中广泛借鉴和合理移植国外先进和有益的立法经验已经成为共识。虽然立陶宛在能源和能源资源状况以及能源产业和能源消费结构方面与我国差异明显,但2002年立陶宛《能源法》在处理能源领域基本法与特别法关系以及若干具体制度方面仍然对我国《能源法》的起草具有一定的借鉴意义。     

“Profits to the Danes,for us – Hog stench?” The campaign against Danish swine CAFOs in rural Lithuania

The paper analyzes a grass-roots campaign to limit the expansion of Danish-owned industrial hog operator Saerimner in Lithuania. The industrialization of livestock production as well as local responses to the restructuring of meat production are interpreted within the broader context of the incorporation of peripheral regions into global agro-food markets. Unlike in Western Europe and North America where the industrialization of hog production is proceeded by the displacement of small hog producers, in Eastern Europe the expansion of multinational corporations is occurring by the buying up, retrofitting and modernizing of factory-farms inherited from the socialist-era. It is argued that the bitter environmental legacy of Soviet-era factory farming has shaped rural population responses to the new wave of multinational acquisitions in the region. Anti-corporate hog campaigning is analyzed within the context of growing activism among rural constituencies displaced from commercial agriculture. The importance of effective organization and leadership in grass-roots activism is emphasized as well as the growing role of non-farming interests is shaping the rural policies of the country.     

Organizational factors,leadership practices,and adoption of technological and administrative innovations: an exploratory study of Lithuanian nonprofit social service organizations Organizaciniai faktoriai,lyderystė ir technologinė bei administracinė inovacijos: aprašomasis Lietuvos nevyriausybini organizacij tyrimas

This exploratory study sought to describe the types of innovations implemented by Lithuanian nonprofit social service organizations, their leadership practices and organizational cultures. It also assessed the relationships among organizational innovation, leadership, organizational culture, and size. Thirty-five nonprofit organizations in Kaunas, Lithuania, constituted the sample. Technological product innovation was by far the most often implemented innovation type. While technological innovation was not related to any of the independent variables, administrative innovation was positively related to the value dimensions of team orientation and stability. Taking a closer look at the relationship between leadership and organizational culture variables provided useful insights into why there was little association between organizational innovation and the independent variables. Limitations of the study are discussed along with implications for social work practice.

?is tyrimas siek? apra?yti inovacijas, kurias diegia Lietuvos socialin?s nevyriausybin?s organizacijos, ?i organizacij kultūr bei lyderyst?s praktikas. Taip pat buvo vertinti ry?iai tarp organizacij inovatori?kumo, lyderyst?s, organizacin?s kultūros bei organizacijos dyd?io. Tyrimo antrankos grup sudar? trisde?imt penkios Kauno miesto (Lietuva) nevyriausybin?s organizacijos. Da?nausiai naudojam inovacij tipas—technologin?s, arba produkto inovacijos. Nors technologin?s/produkto inovacijos nebuvo susietos nei su vienu nepriklausomu kintamuoju, administracin?s inovacijos buvo teigiamai susietos su orientacijos komandin veikl bei stabilumo vertyb?mis. Gilesnis ry?i tarp lyderyst?s ir organizacin?s kultūros kintamj nagrin?jimas pad?jo geriau suprasti silpnus ry?ius tarp organizacini inovacij bei nepriklausom kintamj. ?is straipsnis taip pat aptaria tyrimo trūkumus bei rezultat svarb socialinio darbo praktikai.     

Minimum wage violation in central and eastern Europe

This article analyses minimum wage violations over the period 2003–12 in ten central and eastern European countries which all have national statutory minimum wages. Using European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‐SILC) data and the methodology proposed by Bhorat, Kanbur and Mayet (2013), the authors measure the incidence and depth of violation. In addition, they conduct regression analyses on individual, workplace and macro‐level determinants of non‐compliance. While the incidence of violation remains relatively low, the workers that minimum wage policies seek to protect appear to be the most likely to be affected by non‐compliance. Over time, higher minimum to average wage ratios are related to a higher incidence of violation.     

Taking and giving: the case of the JDC and OZE in Lithuania 1919–26

This article examines the conditions that facilitated the activity of the American Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) in Lithuania during the early 1920s. In particular, it discusses the interaction between the JDC and the Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jews (OZE). It demonstrates that, unlike in other countries, the JDC's involvement in Lithuania went beyond the conventional development of policies and controlling budgets. The JDC practically took over the health section of the Lithuanian Jewish National Council and implemented its own policies. This step was possible due to the unique political situation of Jews in Lithuania and the fact that the OZE centre in Vilna was detached from the rest of that organisation's activists. This study demonstrates the importance of close analysis of specific localities when dealing with the history of philanthropy and the politics of taking and giving in Eastern Europe during the interwar era.     

俄联邦与立陶宛行政司法实践若干问题之比较

俄联邦与立陶宛在建构行政司法行为的法律规范机制以及行政委员会,在行政纠纷解决机制中的主体地位方面存在较大差异.这与两国行政法律理论研究的现状以及两国培植行政司法发展的外部环境的健全程度尚存在一定差距有直接关系.立陶宛在行政司法制度建设上的合理性、系统性及实效性,一定程度上可以为俄联邦所借鉴.同时,立陶宛行政司法具体实践的成功经验表明,建立独立、自治的,脱离普通司法法院体系的行政法院体系是保证行政司法实践良性运行的最理性选择.     

What is mixed in welfare mix? Welfare ideologies at stake in the Lithuanian case of social service delivery

The article deals with the development of social welfare and social services in Lithuania by describing cultural contexts and disclosing evaluations of social service providers and recipients and needs of social service delivery. The authors of the article discuss the changing role of the state, pose a question as to what the institutions and the actors are and to what extent should they participate in the creation of social welfare. One of the aims of this paper is to describe the development of the welfare mix in Lithuania, by showing that welfare is inevitably woven into the historical, economic, political and social context; the distinctive cultural configuration of the welfare mix in social services delivery in Lithuania is revealed. Empirical research (survey of social services recipients and providers) presented in the article discloses that actors of social services delivery experience tension and ambiguity between the demand of neoliberal policy to choose and be responsible and the expectation that the state will participate in the social service market. At the same time social services recipients and providers express a need for different actors to take an active part in the welfare system.     

Economic,Social, and Cultural Contexts for Market and Product Diversification of the Lithuanian Tourism Sector

Lithuania has shown a 7% or greater increase in gross domestic product since joining the European Union, an increasing employment rate, and in part because of the greater incorporation of older people, especially females, a numerical increase in the employed; yet its population is declining because of both a low birth rate and migration. Both domestic and inbound tourism are rising. Yet because of the greater population in the Vilnius–Kaunas corridor, and because many people have left other counties to work there, tourist income in less developed parts of the country would help correct income disparities and foster sustainable regional development. While tourism attracts limited foreign direct investment, tourist infrastructure (boutique hotels, upgraded houses in the countryside, local restaurants, culture and language tourism) would be a good investment for smaller investors if strategically placed alongside a designated publicity campaign, in tandem with other eastern Baltic states or sponsored by EC delegations outside the EU, to attract small investors (including Lithuanians resident abroad) to the less developed regions of the country.      

Construction of fatherhood in late socialism: the experiences of Lithuanian men

The paper examines the changes in fatherhood in Lithuania, focusing on the experiences and attitudes of men, who became fathers in two different historic periods – the soviet time and in the years of societal transformations after the collapse of communist regime. The narratives of 24 men (born in 1950–1965 and 1970–1985) are explored, the data come from the qualitative research, conducted in 2012. It is maintained that the construction of fatherhood in late socialism can be described in terms of modern fatherhood metanarrative, while the features of a ‘new father' can be traced mainly among the younger males of ‘independence generation’.