The impact of P.L. 93-641, the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act, upon health and mental health programming

Federal legislation regarding health care in the U.S. has increased rapidly in the past few years. A major law with potential far-reaching effects was enacted as a result of increasing legislation and rising health care costs. This law,The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act,has created a network of over 200 local, mostly nongovernment units, called health systems agencies. These agencies are responsible for areawide health planning, plan implementation, review and approval of federal health care expenditures for local programs, and facilities review. They will affect health and mental health programs at the local level. The article is directed to local health and mental health care providers who will, of necessity, deal directly with the local HSA's.     

Artifact in client satisfaction assessment: experience in community mental health settings

Artifact in client satisfaction assessment is discussed and the results of a study of three factors thought to mediate client satisfaction ratings; (a) general life satisfaction, (b) mode of administration, and (c) psychological symptomatology, are reported. A standard client satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ) was modified to yield parallel forms and was administered orally and in writing to 92 clients in two mental health day treatment programs. Satisfaction ratings obtained from these clients were quite similar to out-patient ratings obtained in previous studies conducted in this setting and using the same measures. Oral administration of the CSQ produced 10% higher satisfaction ratings than written administration (p less than .05) and less missing data (p less than .01). Satisfaction ratings were also obtained using a simple graphic instrument. Graphic ratings were comparable to CSQ ratings. Satisfaction with life in general and level of psychiatric symptoms together accounted for 25% of CSQ variance. The implication of these findings for future client satisfaction research is discussed.     

A Social and Historical Perspective of the San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus

ABSTRACT

This study sought to understand the various roles music played for gay men who were members of the San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus, the world's first gay men's chorus. Specifically, it answers the following questions: What is the demographic profile of the chorus members? How has the chorus shaped or reflected social issues; how has the chorus shaped or reflected political issues; how has the music evolved over time?; How was the chorus impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic? Historical information for this study was gathered through eight interviews of original and long-time choral members as well as the current artistic director. Interviews were conducted in San Francisco at the San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus office, and additional data were derived from programs of previous choral concerts, two questionnaires (Internalized Homophobia Scale and Gay Chorus Questionnaire), and observations of choral rehearsals and concerts. As a follow-up to a previous study documenting the formation of the chorus in 1978–1982, this study historically documents the chorus's evolution from 1983 through 2003, emphasizing the chorus's impact on social and political issues, the musicality of the chorus, and the impact of HIV/AIDS on the chorus.     

尚可喜归降后金原因分析——兼评尚可喜生平

在尚可喜的人生旅途中，叛明归后金一直是一个学界争论的话题，无论是赞成，或是反对，都必然探讨其叛明归后金的原因。本文在综合众多史料的基础上，从明与后金双方政治、军事等方面分析了双方的优势和劣势，分析尚可喜叛明归后金的原因，并指出尚可喜一生中的重大建树。     

姚莹《康輶纪行》对《卫藏图识》资料的重视与利用

姚莹《康輶纪行》是一部主要记今西藏及川西高原藏区史地及文化、民俗的著作。康藏之行及撰《康輶纪行》时,姚莹参考了《卫藏图识》等几部清代早期西藏地方志,从《卫藏图识》之《图考》上、下,《识略》上、下及《藏语》等卷中摘引了大量资料。姚莹重视《卫藏图识》的资料有迫切希望较深入地多方面了解西藏的原因。《康輶纪行》对《卫藏图识》资料的利用不仅量大,并具有利用其资料十分全面但又有重点等四个特点。姚莹对《卫藏图识》及资料价值的重视,说明《卫藏图识》修纂有特点,内容也显丰富,已是清代西藏地方志的代表性著作之一。     

一个多民族文学融合互动的范本——《述善集》文学文献价值考述

“Tangwu” is an alternative name for the descendants of the Xixia dynasty. In 1227 AD, a number of these Xixia descendants moved inland after the destruction of the Xixia Dynasty by the Mongolians. One group of them migrated to the area near Puyang, Henan Province. Tangwu Chongxi ( Yang Chongxi ) of the Yuan Dynasty compiled the Shu San Ji, which is divided into three volumes: Shansu, Yucai and Xingshi, and appended with the biography of Boyan Zongdao. It reflects the historical origins, social class, living conditions and the relations with the Han people of the descendants of the Dangxiangqiang minority af-ter they moved to Puyang. This book attracted a lot of attention in academic circles, and it was there-fore reorganized and published in 1985 after being treasured by the people for more than 600 years. It has high academic value for its comprehensive his-torical records. We can not only acquaint ourselves with the history of the make-up of the Chinese na-tion, but also research this diversity from multiple perspectives, such as history, nationality and folk-lore . That is why it has drawn so much attention a-mong academic researchers. The book contains po-ems, prose and biographies, which belong to dif-ferent celebrated scholars from different ethnic mi-norities, all of whom had relationships with Tang-wu Chongxi. It is also a typical model of Qiang-Han literature, which is very rare. This paper gives a preliminary exploration on the book, and shows a small part of its comprehensive value. Shu San Ji is not a merely personal collec-tion, but is also different from general literature collections. The compilation of the book took a long time. Shu San Ji Xuxie ( Continuation of Shu San Ji) , written by Zhang Yining, was finished in the 18 th year of the Zhizheng Period in the Yuan Dynasty (1358), which indicates that the Shu San Ji had already been finished by that time . Zeng wuwei chushi yangxiangxian xu ( Presented to Chu Shi Yang Xingxian·Preface ) , written by Wei Su and finished in the 24 th year of Zhizheng ( 1364 ) , suggests that the Shu San Ji had been compiled in-to a book by that time, and that it was compiled with the compositions of social celebrities of the time. However, the Shu San Ji, as it has been handed down to us today, includes the Song Yang-gong Xiangxian gui Tanyuan xu ( Preface of Send-ing Yanggong Xiangxian Back to Tanyuan) by Tao Kai, written in March in the 5 th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty ( 1372 ) . It indicates that Yang Xiangxian kept on collecting articles even after the book was finished. The Xu yangshi yiji ( Preface of Yang’s Last Collection) by Wang Chongqing, writ-ten in the 6th year of Jiajing (1527), indicates that the Shu San Ji was still being written after Yang Chongxi’s death. At the end of the Shu San Ji , Boyang Zongdao zhuan ( Biography of Boyang Zongdao) and Weiti shi (Poems) were collected in the 16 th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1529) and in the 16th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1629), respectively. It suggests that the
Shu San Ji had been supplemented and continually recompiled since Yang Chongxi firstly finished his book in 1358. After 271 years, in 1629, the Shu San Ji, as we read it today, was finally comple-ted. Through the basic components of the Shu San Ji,readers can understand that the Tangwu family was a harmonious, multi-ethnic family. A number of multi-ethnic writers spent long periods compos-ing works collected in the Shu San Ji and Tangwu Chongxi was also influenced by China’s diverse culture and traditional Confucian culture. The work is strongly connected with his study in Guozixue. In the late Yuan Dynasty, the restora-tion of the imperial examinations promoted Confucianism’s influence further. Pan Di, as Tang-wu Chongxi’s teacher in Guozixue, wrote most arti-cles in the Shu San Ji, which shows their close re-lationship and his influences on Tangwu Chongxi’s literature and Confucian studies. Tangwu Chongxi and others’ works reflected their sense of admira-tion for and deep feelings for their Dangxiang an-cestors, but more so helped to propagate the con-cepts of Confucian edification, diligence, thrifti-ness and benevolence, and some of them did so in a very polemic way. For example, Boyan Zongdao wrote the Jiefu xu ( preface of “Jiefu”) and Tang-wu Chongxi wrote the Jiefu houxu ( epilogue of“Jiefu”) , which reflect the social reality and ide-ology of all scholars with different ethnic back-grounds at that time. His work, “Tangwu gong-bei” fushi ( Poem inscribed on Tangwu Tablet ) , was written in a plain and authentic way and showed that he always remembered his origins and his ethnic desire to inherit the family’s heritage. Meanwhile , it was also mixed with the popular ide-as of upholding the honor of their ancestors from the central plains and Han areas, which shows the
editorial purpose of the Shu San Ji and also dem-onstrates the value of Chinese multi-ethnic litera-ture and cultural integration.     

《元韵谱》微母来源考

轻唇音微母主要来源于中古明母合口三等字,只有东韵三等及尤韵出现例外.在<元韵谱>中保留微母,但其来源却与中古不一致,不仅收录了中古的微母字,而且还收入了很多中古明母字.这种特殊现象引起了我们的注意,这些混入微母的中古明母字应读为何母?这种现象是当时实际语音的反映吗?通过考察发现<元韵谱>微母下收录中古的明母字,并不能读为微母,也不是实际语音的反映,而是完全照搬<五音集韵>的做法.     

《嘉禾吏民田家莂》中的诸吏

在三国之吴国，吏是封建政府控制，身份地位低下，较为特殊的一个阶层。他们耕种“限田”，缴纳“限米”，又佃种零星国有土地——“二年常限”田等，缴纳“税米”或“租米”。二者是有区别的。诸吏身份地位低下，并在律令中有所体现，需要一个历史过程。目前所见到的走马楼若干简牍，特别是《田家》中州吏在嘉禾四年、嘉禾五年间“二年常限”田中定收田亩租额的变化，恰恰向人们展示了诸吏特别是州吏身份地位低落的一个重要环节。     

切实加快城市化发展步伐是解决结构性矛盾与"三农"问题的关键

城市化是一种具有普遍性和带有规律性的经济社会发展趋势.我国由于城市化水平低,城乡结构不合理,使得供求、产业、就业、地区经济差距等结构性矛盾非常明显,"三农"即农民、农村、农业问题日益突出.这些矛盾和问题的解决,必须从思想观念、政策、方法等方面有所突破,切实加快城市化发展步伐.     

走向后经学时代的文学之思--关于王国维文学研究的重新认识

以经学作为理论资源 ,运用经学的意识形态、思维模式、话语方式来定义和评判文学是中国传统文论的主流。时至 2 0世纪初 ,经学对人们文学思考的控制却难以为继。此时王国维的一系列文学研究活动颇引人注目 ,尤其是《红楼梦评论》、《人间词话》和《宋元戏曲史》分别在小说论、词论、戏曲论三个领域消除了经学眼光 ,尝试了新型的文学批评模式和文学研究方法 ,其基本思路、价值体系和主要术语 ,都已凸现出“后经学”文论的特征 ,成为中国文论走出经学时代的第一人。