完善我国动物致害责任的思考

动物致害责任是典型的对物的替代责任。饲养的动物指一切为人实际控制的动物。动物基于本身的危险性,以独立的动作侵害他人的民事权益,动物的所有人或管理人即应承担责任,不问其主观过错。混合过错下,所有人、管理人、第三人承担连带责任。而不可抗力、受害人的过错、第三人的故意以及受害人的承诺是责任主体据以援引的当然免责事由。     

动物权利论的一种古代形式——中国传统的害虫防治理论和技术

病虫害的发生是“反常”,是由于气的正常运动受到了干拢,偏离了常规。气的运动之所以会偏离常规,则是由人们违反自然的不当的行为造成的。因此防止病虫为害的根本措施就是要根据气阴阳运动规律,严格按照天时地宜行事。     

Hearts and Minds and Morality: Analyzing Moral Vocabularies in Qualitative Studies

A strategy of analyzing the moral vocabulary of a social movement or subculture is proposed by which ethnographies and other qualitative works may place the moral and ethical concepts used by respondents into a broader sociological context. Through examining the moral resources, the status hierarchy which the specific moral resources within a given moral vocabulary form, and the historical and cultural contexts within which these moral resources exist, it is argued that it becomes possible to analyze and anticipate the moral claims and form of discourse which will be produced by a specific movement and/or subculture. It is also argued that this method may be used to predict how the opposition to a movement and/or subculture is perceived through the formation of an antithetical moral vocabulary.     

畜产品质量安全监管研究综述

随着经济的发展和社会的进步，畜产品在人们的日常生活中占有越来越重要的地位，目前我国对畜产品质量安全的监管还很不到位。文章总结了我国畜产品安全监管的现状，并介绍了国外畜产品安全监管的现状，通过比较找出我国监管的不足，从而进一步加强我国对畜产品质量安全的监管。     

Pluralism and Universality of Environmental Discourse: The Dilemma Between Damage Caused by the Japanese Macaque and its Protection

Abstract:  The subject of this paper is to describe the complexity of relations between man and wild monkeys, which causes difficulties in forming a social consensus related to their conservation and management. To present how the relations are in everyday life, and how they are simplified in universal discursive spaces, interviews and a questionnaire survey have been conducted. As a result, it is clarified that there are three kinds of discursive spaces, that of politics, natural science, and residents. People who share the land with wild monkeys have various terms and stories about their relations with monkeys. The monkeys have various values in the discourse of residents, including many troubles. The existence of monkeys is vivid and close, and can be described as "accessible" nature. However, in discussion of politics or natural sciences, there is less diversity in monkeys' values. In these discursive spaces, monkeys are described simply in the framework of "distant" nature, and wild monkey issues are constructed as a "pest animal issue". The simplified protocol between accessible and distant nature makes the wild monkey issues simple. And the attitudes of residents are shown as controversial through the contradiction between simple-complex issues. In conclusion, this contradiction cannot be solved only by filling the gap between accessible and distant nature with social consensus, but also by connecting the two and enhancing the dynamism of society as a whole.     

我国儿童动物文学及其翻译研究

中外儿童文学充满了“动物”色彩,动物文学因其独特的内涵和异质的美学魅力成为了对少年儿童大自然教育和生命教育的特殊题材。通过论述动物文学与儿童文学交错重叠的关系,回顾了儿童动物文学的兴起,并从政治、社会、科技发展等方面分析其发展动力,综述我国儿童动物文学及其翻译研究较为匮乏的现状,挖掘其研究意义,肯定其对儿童成长的积极作用与影响,旨在为我国儿童文学翻译和儿童文学事业发展提供借鉴与新动力。     

Managing the Risk of Aggressive Dog Behavior: Investigating the Influence of Owner Threat and Efficacy Perceptions

Aggressive behavior in pet dogs is a serious problem for dog owners across the globe, with bite injuries representing a serious risk to both people and other dogs. The effective management of aggressive behavior in dogs represents a challenging and controversial issue. Although positive reinforcement training methods are now considered to be the most effective and humane technique to manage the risk of aggression, punishment‐based methods continue to be used. Unfortunately, there has been little scientific study into the various factors influencing whether dog owners choose to use positive reinforcement techniques to manage aggression in their dogs. As such, current understanding of how best to encourage and support dog owners to use these methods remains extremely limited. This article uses a survey methodology based on protection motivation theory (PMT) to investigate the factors that influence owner use of positive reinforcement methods to manage aggressive behavior, in an attempt to understand potential barriers and drivers of use. In addition, the article provides an initial exploration of the potential role of wider psychological factors, including owner emotional state, social influence, and cognitive bias. Findings show that the perceived efficacy of positive reinforcement methods and the perceived ability of owners to effectively implement the technique are both key factors predicting future intentions and current reported use. Future interventions should focus on enhancing owner confidence in the effective use of positive reinforcement techniques across multiple scenarios, as well as helping owners manage their own emotional responses when they encounter challenging situations and setbacks.     

混成耕牧制在彝语地名中的反映

混成耕牧制是一种普遍流行于我国西南山区的传统生产方式。彝族、土家族、苗族、仡佬族,甚至部分汉族和布依族都曾实行过这一生产方式,有的至今尚在延续或变形延续。然而, 对混成耕牧制的研究目前尚不充分, 文献记载又残缺不全。因此,通过对彝语地名含义的破译和诠释, 归纳这些地名定型的命名意图, 透视这些地名的命名取向, 从而揭示混成耕牧制在资源利用上的若干特点。     

Shifting Symbolic Boundaries: Cultural Strategies of the Animal Rights Movement1

How do activists create cultural change? Scholars have investigated the development and maintenance of collective identities as one avenue for cultural change, but to understand how activists foster change beyond their own movements, we need to look at activists’ strategies for changing their targets’ mindsets and actions. Sociologists need to look at activists’ boundary work to understand both the wide‐sweeping goals and strategies that activists enact to generate broad‐based cultural changes. Using data from participant observation and interviews with animal rights activists in France and the United States, and drawing on research on ethnic boundary shifting, I show how activists used two main strategies to shift symbolic boundaries between humans and animals, as well as between companion and farm animals—(1) they blur boundaries through focusing and universalizing strategies and (2) they cross boundaries physically, discursively, and iconographically. This study contributes a new theoretical and empirical example to the cultural changes studied by scholars of social movements, and it also provides a useful counterpoint to studies of symbolic boundary construction and maintenance in the sociology of culture.     

基于动物秉性的人生启示*

动物和人一样，也具有不同的秉性。以动物喻人，自古即有。从辩证的角度看，动物秉性自然有好的一面，也有坏的一面。这里我们借助动物思考人生，专门探讨动物秉性中一些好的品质，狗-无比忠诚；猪-难得糊涂；狼-勇敢合作的典范；牛-勤劳奉献精神；狐狸-聪明智慧的象征；龟-勤恳踏实的榜样。可见，动物的许多秉性亦给人生带来诸多的启示，值得人们以思考和学习。