Reconceptualizing the Self Phenomenon: Toward an Emic Conception of the Self

In sociology, the self has been conceptualized as either self‐concept or the process of self‐reflectivity. Both notions of the self have been traced to the early thinkers—William James, Charles H. Cooley, and George H. Mead—who laid the foundation for the scientific study of the self phenomenon. In this article, I propose a revised conception of the self based on a re‐reading of the classics. I argue that the self is related to but not the same as self‐concept or the process of self‐reflectivity. The self is an emic object, that is, the entity that one takes oneself to be. More specifically, the self is the empirical existence of an individual perceived by the individual to be his or her own. As the identity the individual finds in his or her existence in a world shared with others, the self is a product of both self‐reflection and self‐enactment. Implications of this reconceptualization for some broad issues related to the self phenomenon are also discussed.     

Exploring Cultural Issues for Constellation Work in South Africa

Constellation work is a therapeutic and counselling intervention recognised in Germany and other European countries since the 1970s. Various scientists and practitioners have contributed to its theoretical and practical development, and research on the subject has increased over the past few years. However culture in constellation work has received little research attention and has not been empirically studied in African contexts. The aim of this article is to reflect on culture and its influence on constellation work in multicultural, post‐apartheid South Africa. An empirical qualitative research approach within the phenomenological paradigm was adopted. Six constellation facilitators were interviewed with in‐depth and field notes taken during participative observations of constellation workshops. The findings provide insight into culture in constellation work in the South African context. Theoretical and practical recommendations for scientists and therapy practitioners working with systemic interventions like constellation work are provided.     

作为本土知识的仪式空间--以大理喜洲为例

社会人类学家提出,行政、市场、仪式是三种形成空间的力量.笔者根据在大理喜洲的田野工作提出,虽然三种力量造成了三种社会空间,但只有仪式空间才是当地人的本土知识.行政和市场力量形成的空间因变动不定而脱离了本土社会分类,只能用客位的视角观察到.因此,在探讨空间形成力量之前,研究者应该在主位与客位的视角之间做出选择.     

彝、汉文献所见之彝族认同问题——兼与郝瑞教授对话

通过对相关彝、汉历史文献的分析,结合田野资料,从主位的角度,考察了彝族的族类自称、族源、世系的自我认识,是否属同一群人的自我界定,族内婚意义上的联姻情况等,以此表明,民族识别以前,在今天被划定为彝族的人群中,在较大范围内应当存在着族群意义上的认同.     

族群认同:男性客位化与女性主位化--关于当代中国族群认同的社会性别思考

像种族、阶级、阶层一样 ,族群和性别也是对人群进行社会分析的基本范畴。“时髦”的男人与“守旧”的女人作为当代中国族群认同实践中普遍存在的现象和经验 ,反映出当代族群认同中存在的性别差异以及男性客位化与女性主位化的倾向。这一现象是男女两性权力不对等的体现     

浅谈民族学中的主位研究和客位研究

民族学对于异文化的关注使"田野工作"成为必然。"马林诺夫斯基革命"促成了对于"主位研究"和"客位研究"的深入认识;哈里斯的"主位研究"和"客位研究"自有其学理内容和旨趣。从民族学研究中的人道思想出发,这种研究视角上的区分会使研究者为精彩的平民文化和平民精神而欢欣鼓舞,并对自身和许多自我固有的观念进行必要的反思,从而保持为学和为人的高度自觉。     

Epistemological inclusiveness in researching the African American community

Abstract

African American communities have experienced negative effects from a history of medical abuse, lack of proper research procedures, and misinterpretations of study findings because of racism. These past injustices have led to a mistrust of research and researchers. This paper focuses on how some methodological challenges, in a study funded by a National Institutes of Health grant on two low-income African American communities in Kentucky, were mediated through the collaboration of a multi-racial/ethnic team of researchers engaged in cross-disciplinary research. The information for this paper is based on the reflections of key members of the research team. The reflections show that having researchers with different epistemologies resulted in a culturally aware and sensitive study in which emic and etic research approaches were adopted. The inclusion of race-based epistemologies and close community ties were found to be particularly useful in building trust and getting the support of the two communities. However, these outcomes were only possible because research team members provided each other latitude for intellectual freedom and leadership.     

基于混合研究法的中国重要休闲议题的识别研究

为了探索未来中国休闲研究的关键问题,28位从事休闲研究的中国学者参加了由北京第二外国语学院主办、美国伊利诺伊大学与加拿大阿尔伯塔大学联合承办的2013年中国休闲与社会进步学术年会及期间的研究项目,这些学者还成为该项目的受访者。运用序列解释混合法对28位专家进行意见征询和反馈,最终,中国学者确定了如下9个休闲议题：时间利用、休闲与幸福（生活满意度）、公共政策和规划、家庭休闲、需要和动机、技术变革、休闲空间和资源、休闲教育、休闲与传统文化。这些领域反映了中国文化与社会焦点的影响力,对21世纪第二个十年的中国社会具有特殊的重要性,对如何改善休闲服务供给问题具有重要启示,同时也对建设和谐社会有重要的参考作用。     

成人高等学历教育的繁荣、问题与出路

成人高等学历教育作为国民教育系列的重要组成部分,几十年来已取得长足进步;但目前也面对着一系列重大困难:生源短缺;培养方向偏差;教改不力;管理滞后。出路在于:必须与时俱进,调整教育方向;推动教改,促进师生双向知识更新;探索疏堵结合,学生参与的管理新模式,增强文凭的含金量,扩大学生的就业门路。     

少数民族文化在主客位视野中的差异及其原因探析——以那坡县壮族“敏”支系传统文化为个案研究

在全球化的语境下,敏人正在以前所未有的速度顺应着全球化的发展趋势,以全新的面貌迎接新时代的挑战,尤其是在传统习俗上,其发展变化的速度是相当惊人的,并不像一些考察者所说的,敏人是保守、怯弱的,其文化是僵化、落后、不入流的,当然,全球化衍生一些新的问题,在相当长的时间内会对敏人的生活、生产产生一定负面影响。