When women veterans return: The role of postsecondary education in transition in their civilian lives

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the current state of postsecondary educational settings’ outreach to military women who become students postservice. Participants: Data for the present cross-sectional study were obtained from the American College Health Association’s (ACHA) 2011–2014 National College Health Assessment II (NCHA). Methods: Demographic characteristics of the study sample were explored by calculating frequencies and percentages by military service status. Research questions were explored with Fisher’s exact test, maximum likelihood multiple logistic regression, as appropriate. Results: Women service member and veteran students received health information from their university/college less often than women students with no military experience on the following topics: alcohol and other drug use, depression and anxiety, sexual assault and relationship violence prevention, and stress reduction. Conclusions: The findings of this research identified clear gaps in service provision for women student veterans on college campuses and provided some possible models for intervention development.     

“Trying to be positive in the face of the storm”: The experiences of independent college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic created multiple stressors for college students, particularly for young adults experiencing multiple forms of disadvantage. Little is known about the pandemic experiences of independent college students, many of whom are emancipated minors, former wards of the state, and other students who lack familial financial and practical support as they pursue higher education. Twenty-three independent students, ages 18–23, from one northeastern university were interviewed to understand how independent students were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and their needs for support from the university during this time. Most participants were identified as Black or Latinx, and two thirds were first-generation college students. Participants reported an overall lack of support from their families prior to the pandemic. During the pandemic, they experienced compounding academic, economic, and mental health-related stressors. Students responded to these stressors in resilient and resourceful ways, by adapting to their new realities, expressing gratitude, and finding opportunities for self-growth. Participants recommend that institutions of higher education support independent students during periods of emergency through providing financial assistance, offering opportunities for connection with both adults and peers, and demonstrating administrative flexibility and understanding of their unique needs.     

On the significance of social control: Treatment‐entry pressures,self‐choice and alcohol and drug dependence criteria one year after treatment

Storbjörk J. On the significance of social control: treatment‐entry pressures, self‐choice and alcohol and drug dependence criteria one year after treatment This article explores how self‐choice and treatment‐entry pressures are associated with one‐year treatment outcome (dependence symptoms, 0–6, 12 months) among alcohol and drug misusers, respectively. Informal pressures (from family and friends), formal pressures (related to work, healthcare, social services, social allowances, child custody) and legal pressures (related to the police, criminal justice system, compulsory treatment) were analysed. A sample (N= 1,210) representative of the addiction treatment system of Stockholm County was interviewed when starting a new treatment episode and after one year. Regression analyses indicated that self‐choice and pressures are associated with outcome among alcohol misusers but not among drug misusers when controlling for background factors and severity. Self‐choice (without pressures) correlated with a good outcome (a lower number of dependence criteria). Pressures were generally associated with poorer outcome. Alcohol misusers who had experienced threats regarding child custody did better in comparison with those not experiencing such pressure. The difference in results by drug type and implications were discussed.     

Families in the Life Course: Interdependency of Roles,Role Configurations,and Pathways

Families are central in the unfolding life course. They have both internal and external dynamics that reflect and characterize the modern life span, and a life course perspective has particular utility for understanding the role and implications of families for individuals and society. The purpose of this paper is 3‐fold. First, we offer a family life course perspective that delineates core concepts of roles, role configurations, and pathways, specifies the links between them, and highlights the importance of linked lives and structural context. Second, we elaborate a latent class approach for modeling the multilayered dynamic interdependencies that characterize modern family life. Third, we provide an empirical example by considering the timing of childbearing, teen parenthood, and its place in the transition to adulthood using women's data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (N= 2,191). We conclude by discussing further avenues of family research that are enhanced with a life course approach and complementary latent structure methodology.     

雄激素受体信号通路在前列腺癌中的表达调控

雄激素受体信号通路在前列腺癌的发生、发展过程中发挥重要作用,因此,一直是前列腺癌相关领域的研究热点。研究前列腺癌中雄激素受体信号通路的表达调控可以为前列腺癌的临床诊断、治疗以及进一步的研究提供科学依据。本文就雄激素受体信号通路激活与抑制方面的研究进展进行综述。     

国际关系的理论回归与基础路径——以国际制度理论为例

国际关系理论衰落的论调和担忧激励了理论创新。在诸多创新方式中,理论综合是重要的一种,具体包含了理论折中和理论合成,且主要发生在宏观范式之间或内部,由此形成了四种主要的理论综合方式:范式间折中或合成、范式内折中或合成。理论合成的严格理论与理论折中的实用性分析框架之间,还存在较多模糊地带。更多的研究既没有清晰的理论创造或运用,亦没有明确的折中分析框架。但是,这并不意味着国际关系"理论已逝"的论断已成事实。在理论合成与理论折中之间还存在一种理论综合的方式——理论回归,即从相关的多层次和多学科理论中拟合出简约且共性最大(或平均差异最小)的基础路径。所谓"基础路径"即介于宏观哲学元理论或思想传统与具体学科内理论之间的、若干相邻学科或理论共享的、具有一定范围内共识性的研究议题及解答思路。以国际制度研究为例,大量的经验研究虽然时常没有明确的理论地位,但并未完全脱离多层次的理论基础,而是逐渐形成超越具体学科及/或理论的五大基础路径:权力—结构、理性—功能、文化—建构、历史—阶级、反思—批判。     

Random effects models for operational patient pathways

Patient flow modeling is a growing field of interest in health services research. Several techniques have been applied to model movement of patients within and between health-care facilities. However, individual patient experience during the delivery of care has always been overlooked. In this work, a random effects model is introduced to patient flow modeling and applied to a London Hospital Neonatal unit data. In particular, a random effects multinomial logit model is used to capture individual patient trajectories in the process of care with patient frailties modeled as random effects. Intuitively, both operational and clinical patient flow are modeled, the former being physical and the latter latent. Two variants of the model are proposed, one based on mere patient pathways and the other based on patient characteristics. Our technique could identify interesting pathways such as those that result in high probability of death (survival), pathways incurring the least (highest) cost of care or pathways with the least (highest) length of stay. Patient-specific discharge probabilities from the health care system could also be predicted. These are of interest to health-care managers in planning the scarce resources needed to run health-care institutions.     

关于推进鄂西生态文化旅游圈发展的思考

鄂西生态文化圈是湖北成为中部崛起战略支点中的重要内容,它将以优越的生态环境和厚重的文化资源为支撑,推动湖北的全面协调可持续发展,并在未来生态文明、绿色繁荣进程中抢占到先机。正确把握优势与不足,运用一切可用的科学手段,才能园满实现构建鄂西生态文化圈的根本目标。     

Nowhere to go: Housing pathways of college students with foster care and homelessness experience

This study builds on previous research to understand longer term housing experiences in late adolescence and early adulthood for vulnerable college students. Using a biographical, qualitative method, we study high school and college housing and family circumstances for 27 students with homelessness or foster care experience enrolled in 4-year colleges in Georgia. We identified three different housing pathway types in high school—family homelessness, unaccompanied youth and foster care. Housing instability and frequent moves were common in high school among all housing pathway types. In college, students who were able to find low or no-cost housing and those who identified a foster care pathway in high school achieved greater housing stability. Others students experienced a continuation of housing instability that began in high school. Additional funding to cover the cost of on-campus housing would likely contribute to increased stability. Additional strategies, such as rental assistance programmes tailored for college students, may be needed to address housing instability for vulnerable college students. More research on the unmet housing needs and the consequences of housing instability during college for homeless and foster youth is needed to further a housing policy agenda that focuses on practical solutions.     

Beyond conventional wisdom: community cultural wealth and the college knowledge of African American youth in the United States

African American youth are generally as likely as their peers from other racial and ethnic groups to aspire to earn a college degree; yet, in spite of their aspirations these students remain under-represented in college enrollment and graduation. Part of the disparity between these students’ aspirations and the realization of their goals may lie in their minimal college knowledge and nominal participation in postsecondary preparatory activities that have frequently been caused by the historic, and ongoing, systematic disenfranchisement of African Americans. During interviews, college students reflected on how similarly-aged family members, peers, co-workers, and parishioners assisted with various aspects of college preparation and enrollment. The community cultural wealth framework helps us understand the reason for, and importance of, this ‘lateral mentorship’ in the fulfillment of these students’ college aspirations. Consequently, educators and educational systems are challenged to be more responsive to the college preparatory needs of traditionally under-represented college-going populations.