刺激迷走神经对家兔细胞免疫功能的影响

实验用健康青紫兰家兔，麻醉后暴露颈部左侧迷走神经，一组电刺激迷走神经；另一组耳静脉注射阿托品后１０ｍｉｎ再刺激迷走神经．于刺激前及刺激后不同时间采血．检测外周血中Ｔ细胞百分率和ＰＨＡ诱导的淋巴细胞转化率，结果表明：电刺激迷走神经能显著提高外围血中Ｔ细胞百分率和淋巴细胞转化率，而注射阿托品后，外周血Ｔ细胞百分率在刺激后４ｈ才有升高，而淋巴细胞转化率在４ｈ内无显著变化．提示：迷走神经兴奋后可显著增强机体的细胞免疫功能．而这一作用可能是通过Ｍ受体实现的．     

剪断迷走神经及刺激其中枢端对细胞免疫功能的影响

实验用健康青紫兰家兔，麻醉后，暴露颈部左侧迷走神经。一组剪断迷走神经；另一组剪断迷走神经后立即刺激其中枢端。两组均于处理前和处理后不同时间采血，检测外周血中Ｔ细胞百分率和淋巴细胞转化率。结果表明；剪断迷走神经后，Ｔ细胞百分率和淋巴细胞转化率均降低，而刺激迷走神经向中端，Ｔ细胞百分率和淋巴细胞转化率则显著高于剪断前水平。提示；迷走神经对机体正常细胞免疫水平有支持作用，而迷走神经的传入纤维可能具有向中枢传递免疫反应信息的功能。     

医学图像分析技术及其应用的研究

信息图像化是一个受到广泛重视的研究课题,而图像的定量分析关系到图像中所包含的信息能否被很好的提取和利用.本文介绍了图像分析技术的原理及过程,着重介绍了自行研制的图像分析仪的应用实例.     

Perineal Neurophysiological Assessment in 23 Patients Suffering from Persistent Genital Arousal Disorders: Evidence of Pudendal Neuropathy?

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a rare condition. Our aim was to study whether or not the pudendal nerve is involved in PGAD, by means of electromyographic (EMG) testing. Methods: Twenty-three women who fulfilled the five criteria of PGAD were included in this study. After an in-depth interview and routine investigations, a perineal EMG assessment was performed. Concentric needle electromyography (EMG) testing with motor unit potential analysis of the pelvic floor muscles (bulbocavernosus muscle and striated external anal sphincter), study of the sacral reflex latency (SRL), and measurement of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) were performed. Results: Perineal ENMG demonstrated neurogenic changes in 14 (60.8%) of the patients. Denervation was found in all 14 patients with abnormal electrophysiological findings. Among them, 12 (85.7%) had altered PTNML and/or SRL. PTNML was delayed on the anal branch in 9 out of 14 (bilateral in 5 cases) and on the perineal branch in 9 out of 14 (bilateral in 6 cases). Conclusions: This study shows that pudendal neuropathy is frequent among women suffering from PGAD. However, due to the lack of a control group, involvement of pudendal neuropathy in the pathogenesis of PGAD remains unclear.     

呼吸对提高体操落地稳定性的作用探讨

落地稳定性在高水平体操比赛中具有决定胜负的作用,也是体操运动训练的重点和难点,落地稳定要求身体各个系统高度的协调和精确的配合,受多种因素的制约.该文通过对我国传统体育文化中呼吸在人体运动的作用和运用方法研究,探讨了呼吸在影响落地稳定性的3个因素中的作用,提出呼吸是提高落地稳定性不可忽视的因素之一.并对呼吸与动作配合提高落地稳定性的理论和方法进行了探讨.     

《黑客帝国》与"中枢神经系统的延伸"

从中枢神经系统延伸的由来、有关“真实性”、实现和未来四个方面论述在电影《黑客帝国》中涉及的数字技术对人类未来社会将可能产生的影响。沃卓斯基兄弟通过电影媒介形式的《黑客帝国》传递了关于未来的讯息:人们正在被深深地卷入一个数字化的世界,人们的选择将决定自己未来的生存方式。     

神经会计学:内涵、范式与展望

会计学研究面临的挑战与认知神经科学及其研究工具的发展促进了神经会计学的产生.神经会计学是在传统会计理论的基础上,运用认知神经科学方法和研究工具及其创新的数据源,从大脑功能与神经机制上揭示会计现象与会计行为的发生、发展和变化的根本动因,并最终形成解释和预测会计实务的理论和方法的一门交叉学科.神经会计学的基本特征有:行为主体由经济人假设转向社会人假设;理论基础由经济学扩展到认知神经科学;研究视角由经济机制扩展到认知和脑神经机制;研究重心由会计经济后果向会计信息与会计行为本身回溯;会计实践由强调外在动机转向内在动机与外在动机并重.神经会计学研究的四种基本范式是直接引证认知神经科学结论及其证据的研究范式、固定环境下的神经实验范式、情景模拟下的神经实验范式和神经实验与行为实验相结合的研究范式.会计信息呈报内容与方式及其对经济决策的影响、薪酬激励机制优化、社会责任及会计诚信等亲社会行为研究将是可预见的神经会计学研究的重点领域.     

关于随附性问题

当代西方心灵哲学由金在权、戴维森等人提出的随附性范畴虽然规避了强还原论的缺陷,在心物关系的众多理论中貌似一种更为高明的解释,然而不仅其阐述和论证粗糙、模糊,并且也没有真正揭示心灵的本质和实在所指。探索意识的本质首先要符合脑科学研究的经验实证,也要从哲学高度对各种心身关系理论进行整合,统一认知构架。     

我国定向运动员神经类型特征研究

运用文献资料法、测验法等方法对湖南、广东等省定向运动员的神经类型进行调查分析。结果表明:神经类型分布为亚稳定型所占比例最大,易扰型所占比例排第二,没有模糊型。被测者没有表现出明显的项目特征,反映出对定向运动员的选材工作还有待科学化、全面化。     

On becoming a prostitute: An exploratory case‐comparison study

We examined the effects of sexual arousal on cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) elicited by electrical stimulation delivered to the skin over either the dorsal penile or posterior tibial nerve. The electrical stimuli were initiated by the subject pressing a button. In Experiment 1, a single stimulus was delivered immediately upon button press. In Experiment 2, a randomly spaced train of stimuli was delivered after a randomly varying delay. SEPs were obtained during (1) a baseline condition during which subjects viewed a non‐erotic videotape, (2) an arousal condition in which subjects viewed an erotic videotape, and (3) a post‐orgasm condition during which subjects again viewed the non‐erotic videotape. Amplitudes of SEP components elicited by stimulation of either nerve decreased with sexual arousal and tended to return towards baseline values in the post‐orgasm condition. The SEP components that showed these changes included slow potentials generated before and after stimulus delivery, as well as the vertex potentials, N100 and P200.