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Demographic and Health Survey data from nine African countries make it clear that HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge has been increasing.
Still, in many cases, fewer than half of adult respondents can identify specific prevention behaviors. Knowledge is lowest
in rural areas and among women. HIV testing generally remains rare but is highly variable across countries, likely reflecting
differences in the supply of testing services. In most cases, schooling and wealth impacts on prevention knowledge have either
been stable or have increased; hence, in the majority of contexts, initial disparities in knowledge by education and wealth
levels have persisted or widened.
相似文献
David E. SahnEmail: |
3.
The objectives of the study are threefold: (1) to provide estimates of the total populations and spatial distributions of
different language groups in Turkey, (2) to test whether the commonly held belief that Turkish-speaking and Kurdish-speaking
populations are “actors” of different demographic regimes is true, and (3) to assess whether a process of integration, in
the form of intermarriage of Turks and Kurds is under way in Turkey. Data come mainly from the 2003 Turkish Demographic and
Health Survey (TDHS-2003). Based on the assumption that the mother tongue composition of women is also representative of that
of the whole population, the results of the TDHS-2003 imply that of the population of Turkey, 83% are Turkish-speaking, 14%
are Kurdish-speaking, 2% are Arabic-speaking and the remaining 1% belong to other language groups. Results show that despite
intensive internal migration movements in the last 50 years, strong demographic differentials exist between Turkish and Kurdish-speaking
populations, and that the convergence of the two groups does not appear to be a process under way. Turks and Kurds do indeed
appear to be actors of different demographic regimes, at different stages of demographic and health transition processes. 相似文献
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Mahmoud A. El-Gamal 《Econometric Reviews》2001,20(2):235-245
Consider a large number of econometric investigations using different estimation techniques and/or different subsets of all available data to estimate a fixed set of parameters. The resulting empirical distribution of point estimates can be shown - under suitable conditions - to coincide with a Bayesian posterior measure on the parameter space induced by a minimum information procedure. This Bayesian interpretation makes it easier to combine the results of various empirical exercises for statistical decision making. The collection of estimators may be generated by one investigator to ensure the satisfaction of our conditions, or they may be collected from published works, where behavioral assumptions need to be made regarding the dependence structure of econometric studies. 相似文献
6.
Terence C. Mills 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2009,172(1):107-117
Summary. Forecasts of trends in obesity in England for 2010 are produced by treating the available data, which contain the proportions of the population, categorized by age and sex, falling into different body mass index ranges, as compositional data sets, so that the implicit simplex restrictions are automatically satisfied. Forecasts are calculated by using linear trend models for the log-ratio transformations and are accompanied by prediction regions. The advantages of treating data on proportions compositionally are emphasized and compared with forecasts that have been obtained by ignoring this restriction. 相似文献
7.
The performance of the balanced half-sample, jackknife and linearization methods for estimating the variance of the combined ratio estimate is studied by means of a computer simulation using artificially generated non-normally distributed populations. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the variance estimates for the combined ratio estimate may be highly biased and unstable when the underlying distributions are non-normal. This is particularly true when the number of observations available from each stratum is small. The jack- 相似文献
8.
Eric Neumayer 《Population and environment》2006,27(4):327-336
Some neo-Malthusians regard fertility as being kept in check by scarcities and constraints and, conversely, as being raised by economic prosperity. Since out-migration to developed countries and the receipt of food aid from developed countries relax the constraints imposed by a country’s carrying capacity, both will have a positive effect on fertility rates in developing countries. Moreover, better economic prospects will also raise fertility, all other things equal. This article provides an empirical test of these hypotheses derived from a neo-Malthusian theory of fertility change. The results fail to confirm the theory and often contradict it.
相似文献
Eric NeumayerEmail: Fax: +44-207-9557412 |
9.
Agustina Marconi Nancy Ranum Sarah Van Orman Bjorn Hanson Valerie Donovan Emily Borenitsch 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2019,67(3):283-289
Objective: To examine differences in complete response rates for depression screening questions based on demographic characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study examining associations between demographic characteristics and completely responding depression-screening questions. Participants: “Healthy Minds Study” data, collected in a public University in February 2016, where 7,326 students participated. Results: women (AOR: 0.69; 95% CI =0.57–0.83) and gay/lesbian students (AOR: 0.24; 95% CI =0.10–0.60) had better complete response rates. Non-US (AOR: 1.46; 95% CI =1.03–2.07), black (AOR: 3.32; 95% CI =1.92–5.77), and Middle-Eastern students (AOR: 3.73; 95% CI =1.73–8.02) had lower complete response rates. Conclusions: Our study shows sex, gender, citizenship, and race categories have significant differences in complete response rates for the outcome. Our findings have several implications; including recognizing interventions for depression based on responders may not target those that tend to be “partial-responders”. Efforts in survey design, recruiting and completion of surveys should be maximized. 相似文献
10.
Jan Karem Höhne 《International Journal of Social Research Methodology》2019,22(2):199-206
In social research, the use of agree/disagree (A/D) questions is a popular method for measuring attitudes. Research has shown that A/D questions require complex cognitive processing and are susceptible to response bias. Thus, some researchers recommend the use of item-specific (IS) questions. This study examines the processing of A/D and IS questions, using eye-tracking methodology. By recording respondents’ eye movements, how respondents process survey questions can be evaluated. The results reveal that IS questions cause more and longer fixations. However, this only applies to the response categories. There are no differences regarding the question stems. Altogether, it seems that IS response categories trigger deeper cognitive processing than A/D response categories. 相似文献