中国水库农村移民社会保障体系的构建

构筑水库农村移民社会保障体系,将水库农村移民的生产生活风险降到最低已愈显迫切;可借鉴大中城市的社会保障模式,引入市场机制,突出社区的作用,走水库移民的社区化保障之路。作者运用农村社会保障理论,提出水库农村移民社区化社会保障模式,对其模式设计以及国家在构筑水库农村移民社区保障体系中的责任进行了深入探索。     

河南省水库移民与扶贫开发对策探讨

本文不仅对已建水库移民区的主要成就,存在问题及其对策进行了分析研究,而且对在建小浪底水库采取开发性移民进行了总结     

Blue‐collar Emigration from India and Governance

Indian expatriates numbering about 6.5 million, i.e. one‐third of the Gulf population, have been engaged in skilled, semi‐skilled and unskilled work since the time of the oil boom in the Persian Gulf regions. Putting monetary benefits to one side, emigrants' problems, such as false promises of recruiting agents, high visa charges, hurdles at workplaces and a defective system to address the grievances of Indian workers in the 18 Emigration Check Required (ECR) countries, are still unaddressed. With this background, the aim of this article is to concentrate on emigration from India to the 18 ECR countries listed by the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA), Government of India (GoI). The GoI has identified these 18 countries because they are not labour‐ (emigrant‐) friendly, and are vulnerable to exploitation with regard to their labour standards. The article begins with conceptualizing ‘emigration’ in the Indian context. By focusing only on the ECR countries, the real picture concerning the situation of Indian emigrants is unfolded. These 18 ECR countries are almost the same in their treatment of blue‐collar emigrants. So, only this category of countries is selected for this work. The following key areas are discussed in this article: the role of the MOIA and the respective state governments in supporting and protecting these emigrants and their families; shortcomings in Indian embassies' administrative structure in protecting blue‐collar Indian workers; and the existing legislative provisions and welfare schemes for Indian emigrants working in the 18 ECR countries. In addition, the existing programmes at both central and state government level for returning and deporting workers are covered in this article.     

粤闽浙三省新移民身份特征的比较分析

根据侨情调查和人口普查资料,通过对粤、闽、浙三省新移民出国时身份特征的比较发现．就粤、闽、浙三省新移民的自然属性来说,粤籍新移民年龄层次的多元化特点明显,性别比例平衡：浙籍新移民的年龄较集中在青壮年,但也呈现多元化的趋向,性别比例不大平衡：而闽籍新移民青壮年比例最高,性别比例失衡。就粤、闽、浙三省新移民的社会属性来说,粤籍新移民文化程度最高,浙籍次之,闽籍最低;三省新移民的职业身份都以农民、工人为主,但广东、浙江新移民职业结构的多元化特征明显,而福建新移民的职业层次相对较低。造成粤、闽、浙三省新移民身份特征的差异主要是三省侨乡不同的社会经济背景和移民传统、新移民迁移的不同途径以及目标国的移民政策。     

Emigration from the USA: Multiplicity survey evidence

Special national surveys in the 1980s give the only recent data about emigrants from the USA, based on asking residents about their parents, siblings, and children living outside the USA who ever lived here. Each of the three surveys yielded an initial or minimal estimate of at least one million surviving emigrants. Adjusting for probable omission of emigrants without a resident immediate relative, the number of emigrants surviving as of 1990 is likely to exceed two million and, with alternative assumptions, could exceed three million. Due to inherent uncertainties in differing methodologies for measuring emigration for the past three decades, the implied level of emigration of permanent residents for the 1980s may be similar to previous levels. This finding contradicts popular belief of a simple direct association, i.e., that increasing immigration levels would be associated with increasing emigration levels. Emigration levels result from population heterogeneity on such characteristics as origin country, location and strength of familial ties, and reasons for coming to the USA, and associated probabilities of emigration. For many of the post-1965 immigrant cohorts, there is one or more decades during which emigration may yet occur.Abbreviations ALAs Americans living abroad - INS US Immigration and Naturalization Service - IRCA Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 - CPS Current Population Survey This article is partially based on a paper presented at the 1990 annual meeting of the Population Association of America in Toronto, Canada, while the author was a member of the Population Analysis Staff of the US Bureau of the Census.