基于fused惩罚的稀疏主成分分析

本文旨在研究基于fused惩罚的稀疏主成分分析方法，以适用于相邻变量之间高度相关甚至完全相等的数据情形。首先，从回归分析角度出发，提出一种求解稀疏主成分的简便思路，给出一种广义的稀疏主成分模型—— GSPCA模型及其求解算法，并证明在惩罚函数取1-范数时，该模型与现有的稀疏主成分模型——SPC模型的求解结果一致。其次，本文提出将fused惩罚与主成分分析相结合，得到一种fused稀疏主成分分析方法，并从惩罚性矩阵分解和回归分析两个角度，给出两种模型形式。在理论上证明了两种模型的求解结果是一致的，故将其统称为FSPCA模型。模拟实验显示，FSPCA模型在处理相邻变量之间高度相关甚至完全相等的数据集上的表现良好。最后，将FSPCA模型应用于手写数字识别，发现与SPC模型相比，FSPCA模型所提取的主成分具备更好的解释性，这使得该模型更具实用价值。     

关于幸福研究的方法论分析--瞿秋白幸福探究的前提思考

波兰哲学家亚当?沙夫提出的“肯定的”与“否定的”幸福研究方法曾为学者们研究幸福提供重要理路,幸福与不幸也成为个人幸福探究的重要向度和尺标。马克思既从“幸福”的肯定方面出发阐释幸福,也从“幸福”的否定方面“不幸”出发来追求、实现幸福,这为从事个人幸福思想研究提供了必要的视角和思路。针对瞿秋白幸福研究的方法论战现象,以“疏离”为现实出发点,以疏离的“意识性转化”为实现路径,成为瞿秋白与其中国化马克思主义幸福研究的重要方法借鉴和理论依据。这不仅为全面认识诸家幸福思想提供导向,也为科学理解马克思主义幸福理论树立支杆,更为推进瞿秋白幸福思想研究———这一瞿秋白与中国化马克思主义研究趋势的理论新探索和再创新确立现实存在性和发展前瞻性的意义。     

人类认知结构先大与后大的比较及其意义

人类认识存在着先天与后天二种认知结构，二者相互联系、相互制约，共同形成人类认识的科学体系。作者从方法论角度比较分析了先天与后天二种认知结构的差异，并提出相应的认识论意义。     

关于构建社会主义和谐社会的若干思考

构建社会主义和谐社会是党中央适应新的历史任务的要求作出的重大战略举措。对于构建和谐社会,文章提出了以下三个方面认识:深刻认识提出构建和谐社会的背景,准确把握构建和谐社会的必然性;深刻认识构建和谐社会的战略意义,坚定构建和谐社会的信心;深刻认识构建和谐社会的科学内涵,提高构建和谐社会的自觉性。     

Trust and recognition: a comparative study of client attitudes and workers' experiences in the welfare services

Since professional conduct is important in the lives of many people, trust and recognition between professionals and their clients are critical. Social professionals administer public resources on behalf of the welfare state, and their approaches and methods of intervention are mostly founded in current welfare policy. Despite this mandate, social professionals receive little acknowledgement and recognition. This article investigates the level of public trust in the Norwegian social services compared to the national insurance agencies, and to what extent the providers of these welfare services experience recognition and public approval. A central question is whether these aspects of external appreciation influence the professionals' motivation and feelings of accomplishment. Findings indicate that the social services receive less public support than the social insurance agencies, owing to the discretionary services provided and the stigma related to social assistance. The variation in institutional trust is reflected by the differences in workers' subjective experiences. That result notwithstanding, the service providers reveal a split view of themselves: while they experience themselves positively with respect to involvement and pride in their work, they also see themselves through the deprecating eyes of the public.     

流动儿童心理健康研究述评

通过梳理近期的流动儿童心理健康研究文献得出结论:流动儿童心理健康水平普遍低于城市儿童,主要表现为歧视知觉强、身份认同危机及自卑、焦虑等消极情绪。研究者主要从家庭、学校、社会和个人4个方面分析影响流动儿童心理健康的因素,并对流动儿童心理健康教育提出建议。现有研究存在缺少统一的研究工具、横断研究多、纵向研究少等不足,建议进行跨群体比较研究及对流动儿童积极心理的研究。     

大学生心理理论水平与人际困扰的关系

采用失言任务和眼测验、人际关系问卷等方法对太原科技大学的195名学生进行抽样调查,在此基础上简要描述了大学生心理理论特点及人际困扰状况,并重点分析二者关系。得出如下结论：当前大学生的心理理论处于中上等水平,并且在随着年级上升逐渐完善;大学生人际关系存在不同程度的困扰,有近一半人存在一般程度或严重程度的困扰;大学生失言任务、眼测验及心理理论与总体人际困扰及其三个因子存在不同程度的显著负相关,表明心理理论与人际困扰在某种意义上存在复杂关系。     

发现灾民:灾害心理问题的构建

汶川地震之后,灾害心理干预实践和话语成为专家、官僚、非正常心理学知识所主导的场域,而受灾民众则被边缘化为等待解救的“无助病人”。从灾害心理干预的理论范式和实践形态探求这样一种机制得以形成的原因,可以发现仅仅将灾害视作一种刺激物的应用科学心理干预范式以及在现代性生境下对健康心理的界定共同忽视了灾害与人之间社会的、文化的相互关联性,忽视了受灾民众应对灾害的心理弹性,从而将受灾民众的灾害心理状态问题化。     

水稻生产补贴政策实施效果及农户的认知与评价 ——来自长江中下游水稻产区的调查

从宏观和微观角度分析了水稻生产补贴政策实施前后水稻种植面积、产量和种植模式的变化,探讨了水稻生产补贴对水稻生产效益的直接影响,从农户角度了解了他们对水稻生产补贴类型、标准和方式的认知和评价。结论表明水稻生产补贴政策对促进水稻生产起到了一定作用,但农民对该项政策的了解非常有限,按水稻种植面积补贴和针对生产者进行补贴的原则没有完全得到执行,水稻生产补贴资金的利用效率有待提高。     

Escalation: The Role of Problem Recognition and Cognitive Bias

Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action is an enduring problem that remains central to the study of managerial behavior. Prior research suggests that escalation behavior results when decision makers choose to ignore negative feedback concerning the viability of a previously chosen course of action. Previous work has also suggested that certain cognitive biases might promote escalation behavior, but there has been little attempt to explore how biases other than framing affect escalation. In this article, we explore the extent to which decision makers actually perceive negative feedback as indicative of a problem and how this influences their decision to escalate. Although problem recognition and cognitive biases have been intensively studied individually, little is known about their effect on escalation behavior. In this research, we construct and test an escalation decision model that incorporates both problem recognition and two cognitive biases: selective perception and illusion of control. Our results revealed a significant inverse relationship between problem recognition and escalation. Furthermore, selective perception and illusion of control were found to significantly affect both problem recognition and escalation. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. To improve problem recognition and reduce the incidence of escalation, practicing managers should implement modern project management practices that can help to identify and highlight potential problems while guarding against these two key cognitive biases that promote the behavior.