论WTO争议解决机制及我国入世后的对策

文章介绍了WTO争议解决机制的法律渊源和运作程序 ,分析了我国入世后最容易产生争议的领域 ,阐述了WTO争议解决机制在我国的运用和针对争议我们应采取的防范措施     

Lagging behind in suburbia: Suburban versus urban newcomers’ employment settlement service outcomes in Metro Vancouver,Canada

Suburbanization is reshaping the context of immigrant settlement in Canada. Newcomer immigrants are increasingly settling initially in suburban communities as opposed to traditional receiving neighborhoods in urban centers. However, the quality of settlement services for newcomers to suburban neighborhoods has lagged behind, creating a mismatch between newcomer settlement patterns and service provision. As settlement patterns are recognized as significant determinants of employment success for newcomers and employment achievement is a key theme of integration, this study compares suburban and urban newcomers’ satisfaction with employment settlement services, associated financial experiences and coping mechanisms. Drawing upon qualitative interviews with 43 newcomer immigrants in Vancouver and three surrounding suburbs, we argue that suburban newcomers experience more difficulties with employment services from settlement service agencies than do urban newcomers. Subsequent unemployment may contribute to suburban settlers experiencing greater difficulty paying their monthly bills than do urban immigrants.     

户籍地禀赋与流入地融合 ——流动人口定居意愿影响因素研究

定居意愿是衡量流动人口转向稳定生活状态的重要指标,实则包含了居留意愿和落户意愿两方面的内容。基于2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测数据,通过建立多项Logistic回归模型的方法,重点从与制度结构相关的“户籍地禀赋”与“流入地融合”两个维度,分析流动人口“居留-落户”的定居意愿状况及其影响因素。研究结果表明,户籍地禀赋性因素的“回流”效应和流入地融合性因素的“拉动”效应对流动人口不同层面定居意愿的影响存在差异:与责任、情感、伦理相关的户籍地禀赋性因素以及与经济融入、社会与文化接纳相关的流入地融合性因素对流动人口居留意愿的影响比较显著;与财富价值相关的户籍地禀赋性因素以及与城乡区位相关的流入地融合性因素对流动人口落户意愿的影响比较显著;制度融入因素、生活融入因素、身份认同因素则对两个维度的定居意愿都产生了显著影响。因此,对于具有定居意愿的流动人口,政府应该努力实现基本公共服务的全覆盖,激发流动人口参与社会建设、增强对流入地的身份认同与文化接纳等融合水平;对于没有定居意愿的流动人口,也需为其“回流”后在户籍地的再次融入提供良好的制度保障环境。     

解析WTO协议下的中止减让措施

分析了发展中成员在选择《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》第22条规定的WTO成员方可以采取的中止减让措施时应考量的因素,并就现有的改革建议进行分析,认为现有的改革建议并不适用于所有的WTO案例,应由专家组和上诉机构在具体案例中批准使用具体的中止减让措施,以确保中止减让措施的有效性。     

论我国政府运用WTO争端解决机制的策略

我国加入WTO以后,运用WTO争端解决机制维护本国经贸利益是政府面临的一个重要课题。在参与WTO争端解决的方式上,作为第三方或共同起诉方是我国当前较为合理的选择;在对争端解决中的磋商调解方式和司法程序的选择上,我国应根据争端对象国的情况,运用成本收益分析加以确定;无论是运用何种方式,都需要遵循国家经济利益最大化的原则。     

试析国际争端解决之司法化倾向

现当代国际争端的解决机制方面呈现出较为明显的司法化倾向。越来越多的国际“法律共识”、法律全球化对国际司法的促进、基于经济的理性选择、权力向规则的演进是国际争端解决机制司法化的成因。司法化现象反映了国际社会对以司法方式解决争端的需求在不断增加,意味着国际行为体之间和平解决争端有了更多选择。     

EU post-accession Polish migrants trajectories and their settlement practices in Scotland

The presence and the apparent permanence of post-accession EU migrants in the UK is of significant interest to both academics and politicians. Studies have debated whether migration from new accession countries to the UK mark a new type of migration often described as ‘liquid’ and ‘open ended’, or whether these migrants will settle in the new destination countries. Based on a qualitative study of Poles who have lived in Scotland for at least six years, we observed four typologies of what we call migrants’ settling practices: (1) stayers, (2) over-stayers, (3) circular and transnational migrants and (4) economic migrants. The findings from this study demonstrate that Polish migrants do not have fixed ideas about the duration of their migration (in terms of a sense of permanence) but instead focus on diverse links, anchors or attachments in Scotland and Poland in describing their settling practices. Thus, the main contribution the article makes is to present an in-depth understanding of what settlement means from the perspective of migrants themselves. This paper concludes by providing a short comment on implications of the outcome of the Referendum on EU membership ‘Brexit’ in June 2016 on Polish migrants settling practices.     

欠发达地区农村金融支付服务建设研究——以广西百色市为例

对百色市的调查表明，当前，农村金融支付服务供给明显改善，但也存在一些制约支付服务的因素。应充分发挥地方政府作用，助推农村金融发展，大力完善农村金融组织体系，提高支付清算效率，方便农村支付结算业务办理，努力降低支付服务体系，从而推动农村金融支付服务建设迅速发展。     

中国利WTO争端解决机制对策分析

本文首先探讨了WTO争端解决"美国化"的程度并阐述了该实质所带来的问题。在此基础上,通过对中国入世后发生的两个案例进行分析,本文总结出阻碍中国利用争端解决机制的四大障碍并针对性地提出一些对策,尤其是建议要注重利用WTO规则维护利益、利用谈判磋商进行补充、大力储备专家库资源和转变国内法律观念。     

The effects of child support guidelines: An analysis of the evidence in court records

Court records from four Ohio counties were used to compare child support orders before and after promulgation of federally mandated guidelines in 1987. There was no significant change in probability of Court Ordered Child Support. Amount Ordered in constant dollars increased between 1985 and 1987–88. Variables influencing Court Ordered Child Support differed post-guidelines. Years Married, Attorney for Both and Attorney for Wife were significant in both years. Number of Children, Rural, and Wife's Motions were significant in 1987–88. Variables affecting amount ordered also differed after adoption of the guidelines. Wife Contested, Husband's Motions, Defendant and Plaintiff no longer were significant in 1987–88. Years Married and Payment by Father were significantly related to Amount Ordered in 1985 but not in 1987–88. Number of Children, Expenses Paid, and Number of Assets were significantly related to Amount Ordered in both years.Salaries and research support were provided by state and federal appropriations to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, and by the Department of Family Resource Management, and The Office of Research and Graduate Studies, The Ohio State University.Kathryn Stafford is Associate Professor, Department of Family Resource Management, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1295. Her research interests include household management and time use. She received her Ph.D. from Cornell University.Golden Jackson is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Resource Management, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1295. Her research is primarily in the area of the economic effects of divorce. She received her Ph.D. from The Ohio State University.Sharon Seiling is Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist in Family Resource Management, Department of Family Resource Management, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1295. Her research is on the impact of family change, especially divorce, on access to housing and overall financial well-being. She received her Ph.D. from Cornell University.