The disaster relief and social work after the Wenchuan earthquake in Mainland China

ABSTRACT

This paper mainly focuses on the development of disaster social work in Mainland China and the intervention of social work in disaster relief. Before the Wenchuan earthquake and in the initial stage of post-earthquake, disaster social work was mainly based on individual psychotherapy; from the earthquake to the year of 2012 in which post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction was completed, the disaster relief began to emphasise community building and integration, while the basic framework for disaster social work was also established. Social workers begin to explore the new mode of developmental and localised disaster social work. By combining with the practical experiences from disaster social work, this paper tries to highlight the dilemmas confronting disaster relief in Mainland China and put forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, which could improve the future disaster relief system in Mainland China.     

Perception of Earthquake Risk in Taiwan: Effects of Gender and Past Earthquake Experience

This study explored how individuals in Taiwan perceive the risk of earthquake and the relationship of past earthquake experience and gender to risk perception. Participants (n= 1,405), including earthquake survivors and those in the general population without prior direct earthquake exposure, were selected and interviewed through a computer‐assisted telephone interviewing procedure using a random sampling and stratification method covering all 24 regions of Taiwan. A factor analysis of the interview data yielded a two‐factor structure of risk perception in regard to earthquake. The first factor, “personal impact,” encompassed perception of threat and fear related to earthquakes. The second factor, “controllability,” encompassed a sense of efficacy of self‐protection in regard to earthquakes. The findings indicated prior earthquake survivors and females reported higher scores on the personal impact factor than males and those with no prior direct earthquake experience, although there were no group differences on the controllability factor. The findings support that risk perception has multiple components, and suggest that past experience (survivor status) and gender (female) affect the perception of risk. Exploration of potential contributions of other demographic factors such as age, education, and marital status to personal impact, especially for females and survivors, is discussed. Future research on and intervention program with regard to risk perception are suggested accordingly.     

论灾害伦理研究中的若干基本问题

灾害是人类无从避免而又必须面对的突发现象。它使人类诸多道德矛盾在瞬间交织爆发,也因而成为进行伦理学研究的最佳场域。灾害伦理研究中的基本问题有：灾害成因的伦理解释;灾害降临的伦理应对;灾害救助的伦理维度;灾害抚慰的伦理实施等。     

国际视角下中国地震保险基金制度构建探析

通过对美国加州、日本和新西兰地震保险基金制度的分析,探索一种能使我国保险业在抗震救灾中发挥重要作用的路径.主张建立起政府主导的地震保险基金,作为地震风险市场化、社会化的资源整合平台,充当我国地震保险的再保险人,实现地震风险的多层次分担,确保地震一旦发生,灾区人民能够通过保险渠道获取稳定的救济和灾后重建资金,从而减轻国家财政负担.     

“5．12”汶川大地震受灾人口特征与生存环境变化分析

“5．12”汶川大地震造成10万余平方公里的破坏性区域,造成69227人遇难、17923人失踪和374643人受伤,受灾人口（重灾区）2792万人。8．0级地震所释放的能量,在一定程度上改变了受灾人口所依存的自然环境和人文生态环境。本文以四川地震重灾区为研究单元,在系统分析受灾人口所依存的自然生态环境、居住（建筑空间）环境、人文生态环境、基础设施以及产业发展环境及其发展变化的基础上,析出重灾区内人口生存空间进一步缩小和调整人口分布的结论。在此基础上。提出重灾区在恢复重建中的人口分布调整建议。     

新闻传播学视角下的“全译”与“变译”——以汶川地震新闻报道为例

“全译”与“变译”是一对新的翻译范畴，全译要求尽可能的忠实于原文；变译理论是指为了满足读者的需求，可以采取增、减、编、述、缩、并、改等策略。变译作为全译的补充有其明显的优势，并将在对外宣传翻译中发挥越来越重要的作用。本文尝试用跨学科研究的方法在新闻传播学中分析其理论依据，并以中国新华网和中国政府网上关于汶川地震的一些新闻报道为例阐释其在现代新闻翻译中的实践与运用。     

析灾难事件中电视的传播力——以中央电视台汶川地震报道为例

信息传播是大众传播的基本功能，是其他一切功能的基础。充分发挥信息传播的基本功能能够产生强大的传播力，使大众传媒在突发性灾难事件中成为一支强有力的救援力量。本文以中央电视台汶川地震直播报道为例，将人们熟知的信息传播的基本信条对象化，具体分析了电视灾难报道的成功经验，即及时准确的信息响应、全面客观的传播立场、全局视野中的立体报道模式以及导向明确的注意力管理，以期为今后的灾难报道提供借鉴。     

乡村振兴背景下羌族地区民宿产业发展模式——基于阿坝州汶川县的调研

乡村振兴战略是民族地区高质量发展的必然选择,发展民宿产业是助推乡村振兴发展的重要途径。本文立足于汶川县乡村振兴的时代要求和民宿产业的发展趋势,分析得出羌族地区民宿产业面临发展要素不健全、业态发展不协调、管理体系不完善等现实问题,在此基础上找准民宿产业与乡村振兴之间的衔接点,提出“政府—企业—协会—经营者”四方联动模式,通过加强政府政策支持,统筹协调推进发展;引入企业资本投资,发挥企业合作优势;发挥民宿协会自治管理功能,积极配合相关政府部门指导民宿旅游经营管理;民宿经营者要因地制宜提升经营和服务水平,实现民宿产业有效供给,探求民宿产业发展助推乡村全面振兴的具体路径。     

复杂环境下地震灾害应急救灾协同机制:一个实证分析

灾害应急管理是国家治理体系与治理能力建设,维护经济社会发展长治久安,以及实现"中国梦"、"两个一百年"奋斗目标的重要基石,也是中国特色社会主义制度更加巩固和优越性充分展现的战略部署。根据治理理论与协同学理论,通过对汶川、玉树等高原地震应急救灾的问卷调查和案例资料,探讨了政府主导社会基于支持保障体系的应急救灾协同机制实现路径,阐述了破坏性地震应急救灾何以协同、为何协同以与如何协同的内在逻辑及其现实要求,提出了加强灾害应急管理及科学引导社会参与救灾等优化对策。     

汶川地震灾后重建经验总结及启示

在近两年的汶川地震灾后恢复重建工作中,涌现出了很多经验和模式。这些经验和模式带来了四川灾后重建工作的伟大奇迹,应加以总结和推广。结合四川实地重建工作,仅从抗震救灾的经验来归纳,主要有三大方面,一是社会主义制度的优越性;二是用科学发展观统筹灾后重建;三是在可持续发展理念中积极创新。