我们所知道的董钻老师——记作物栽培学家董钻教授

董钻教授深谙作物栽培学,博古通今,对学科的发展有着丰富的理想。在40多年的教学生涯中,他一边教书,一边进行作物产量生理方面的科学研究。他对作物栽培学的学科建设和人才培养付出了极大的努力,贡献颇多。在科研方面,对高产栽培中株型和群体光合效率的关系进行过深入研究,他以大豆高产栽培为目标,始终不渝地从事大豆产量生理研究,内容涉及大豆的生长发育、器官建成、产量形成、光合生理、养分代谢、水分生理等,特别是在大豆株型和群体结构研究方面独树一帜,提出调控作物生长发育和产量、品质形成过程的新观点、新方法。形成和推出了作物＂器官平衡＂的概念,对于大豆育种和高产栽培有一定的指导意义。他对大豆高产、超高产的理论进行了有益的探索,将＂高产群体生理参数＂概念引入作物栽培,提出栽培必须以品种为基础,栽培在于发挥品种的潜力,品种、环境、措施是作物生产的三要素。他不但在学术水平上有很深的造诣,而且在学术道德上有很好的修养,他求真务实、坚持真理、尊重前人与提携后辈。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区绿豆化控节水技术研究简

干旱少雨是制约榆林市农业发展的主要因素,绿豆的生长发育常常受到干旱胁迫,为了提高干旱地区绿豆的产量,本项研究采用随机区组的试验方法,分析了黄腐酸喷施（HP）、黄腐酸浸种＋喷施（JP）、保水剂拌土（BT）、对照（CK）、黄腐酸浸种（HJ）,不同处理对土壤含水率及对绿豆生长发育、产量的影响。结果表明,各处理提高了土壤含水率,HP处理土壤含水率最大,由高到低依次为：HP〉JP〉HJ〉BT〉CK,分别超出对照14．06％、10．47％、6．66％、2．33％;保水剂拌土提高了绿豆的株高、茎粗、百粒重、单株荚数,分别比对照提高了7．56％、8．89％、1．79％、20％;处理小区的产量大小：HP〈HJ〈JP〈BT〈CK。四种处理均可提高土壤含水率,但小区最终产量都低于对照,因此该技术还有待进一步研究。     

关于绿豆产业开发前景与模式的几点思考——以湖北省麻城市为例

绿豆作为我国重要的特色杂粮，具有巨大的开发潜力。本文采用实地调查和文献分析方法，结合麻城市绿豆产业发展的实际情况分析了当地绿豆产业的开发前景，借鉴国内小杂粮产业发展模式与一般经验，提出了绿豆产业开发的可选择模式和政策建议。     

A Procedure for Identification of Principal Variables by Least Generalized Dependence

Principal components are often used for reducing dimensions in multivariate data, but they frequently fail to provide useful results and their interpretation is rather difficult. In this article, the use of entropy optimization principles for dimensional reduction in multivariate data is proposed. Under the assumptions of multivariate normality, a four-step procedure is developed for selecting principal variables and hence discarding redundant variables. For comparative performance of the information theoretic procedure, we use simulated data with known dimensionality. Principal variables of cluster bean (Guar) are identified by applying this procedure to a real data set generated in a plant breeding experiment.     

小球藻豆腐的研究

用小球藻和大豆为原料,以葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯为凝固剂,采用四因素三水平的正交试验,确定了小球藻豆腐的最佳生产工艺条件小球藻泥添加量为8%,葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯的添加量为0.2%,加热温度为85℃,加热时间为30 min.     

Modelling and analyzing density-dependent population processes: Comparison between wild and laboratory strains of the bean weevil,Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)

Three models were constructed for analyzing the population characteristics ofC. chinensis on stored beans; model A describing the whole reproductive process with a single equation, model B describing the three age-specific processes (oviposition, egg survival and larval survival) with separate equations, and model C which describes all these processes not for the whole habitat but for the individual beans comprizing it. The logit equation was employed here as a common basis to describe the density-response relationship involved. All three models showed very good fit to the experimental data obtained for both laboratory and wild strains of the weevil. The parameter values characterizing the population dynamics were, however, widely different between the two strains; the laboratory one which had been reared for some 500 generations showed significantly higher reproductive capacity, less sensitive and gentler response to crowding in both adult and egg stages, and more uniform egg distribution among individual beans, as compared with the wild strain newly introduced. Sensitivity analyses using these models suggested that these changes in population characteristics have been attained by the process of domestication or adaptation to stable laboratory conditions through a long period of time. This process seemed in effect to have optimized the population's performances in the laboratory environment. Evolutionary significance of such optimization was discussed with reference to the selection pressure which may have acted upon individuals.     

豇豆品种同工酶聚丙烯胺凝胶电泳凝胶浓度的筛选

用凝胶浓度分别是7．5％和6．0％的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶系统对12个豇豆品种的酯酶（EST），淀粉酶（a-AMY)和过氧化氢酶（CAT）同工酶作电泳分析，将两种不同浓度凝胶系统的电泳图谱作对比，得出豇豆品种的淀粉酶同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳应选择低浓度凝胶系统（6．0％），酯酶同工酶，过氧化氢醋同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳应选择高浓度凝胶系统（7．5％），才能得到较高质量的凝胶电泳图谱的结论。     

干旱胁迫对绿豆和黑豆发芽的影响

以绿豆和黑豆种子为材料,在人工智能气候培养箱（25℃±1℃）,不同浓度的PEG模拟干旱胁迫处理下进行种子萌发试验经,测其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、萌发指数和活力指数等指标。根据各项指标计算出种子的萌发抗旱指数,结合所有指标进行综合评定。结果表明：随着PEG浓度的增加,绿豆和黑豆种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等指标均呈下降趋势。低浓度PEG处理下各种子发芽率,发芽势,活力指数等指标与对照组相比差异不明显,说明绿豆和黑豆种子有一定的抗旱能力。干旱胁迫浓度达到20%时,黑豆种子未能萌发,表明黑豆种子的萌发临界干旱胁迫值为20%。综合分析,所选绿豆种子抗旱能力大于黑豆种子。     

The effects of spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneities on persistence in a laboratory experimental community

Among many stabilizing factors for community dynamics, spatial and temporal heterogeneities have been widely considered in recent years as two of the most important properties. However, the difference between the two types of heterogeneities have not been studied, except for Clark and Yoshimura (1993). We evaluated experimentally the effect of temporal and spatial heterogeneities on the persistence of a biological community. The experimental communities consisted of one parasitic wasp species, one bean weevil species, and two kinds of bean. Temporal and spatial heterogeneities of experimental communities were generated by kinds and timing of bean supply. Of all the experimental communities, the most persistent community was a temporally and spatially homogeneous community with Red Kidney bean as primary resource. Compared to spatially heterogeneous communities, temporally heterogeneous communities were more persistent. These results were easily explained by considering the attack rate of parasitic wasps and the difference between arithmetic and geometric means. In order to discuss the relative importance of environmental heterogeneity and the mode of biological interaction on community persistence, we have to measure the degree of environmental heterogeneity as the rate of change of the strength of interspecific interactions.     

豆制品质量安全保障机制初探

文章从政府监管、舆论和中介机构第三方监督、企业自律、消费者意识、技术支撑五方面对我国豆制品行业食品质量安全的现状进行了分析,并提出了几点建议,以加快完善我国的豆制品质量安全保障机制。