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湿地自然保护区具有生产、承受、信息、调节等多种生态功能 ,科学规划和建设湿地自然保护区 ,对于合理利用自然资源 ,保持良好的生态环境 ,具有重要意义。岛屿生物地理学和景观生态学理论对于湿地自然保护区规划 ,包括保护区网设计、保护区规模的确定等都有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
2.
We analyzed the butterfly communities in the newly designed city parks (area C), “newly opened habitat islands”, of Tsukuba
City, central Japan. The area constituted a natural ecological experiment on the mainland for clarifying the pattern and process
of faunal immigration. We compared butterfly communities in area C with those in two other areas in the light of the theory
of island biogeography and the concept of generalist/specialist. Our results showed the following: (1) Fewer species were
found in area C than in other areas, due largely to the absence of many specialist types, restricted and habitat specialists,
and/or low density species in the area. Generalist types, widespread and habitat generalists, and/or high density species
predominated in area C. (2) The difference in the species numbers among the three sections within area C could be explained
by the habitat structure in and around the respective sections. (3) The densities of many species were low in area C, probably
due to its man-modified habitat structure. In particular, several species occurred at extremely low densities in area C, but
at high densities in other areas. (4) The internal structure of the habitat island butterfly community in area C was almost
perfectly consistent with that of “quasi-equilibrium” communities that appear during the colonization of an island. Our results
demonstrate that the synergetic application of the generalist/specialist concept and the island biogeography theory is effective
for the understanding of the patterns and structures of habitat island communities. 相似文献
3.
Yukibumi Kaneko Keisuke Nakata Takashi Saitoh Nils Chr Stenseth Ottar N. Bj?rnstad 《Researches on Population Ecology》1998,40(1):21-37
The biology of the gray-sided voleClethrionomys rufocanus in Hokkaido, concerning taxonomy, morphology, phylogeny, distribution, and natural history, is reviewed. Applied issues in
forest management (damage, control and census) are also mentioned. AlthoughClethrionomys rufocanus of Hokkaido was originally identified as a distinct species,Evotomys (=nowClethrionomys) bedfordiae Thomas, 1905, current literature generally refers to the gray-sided vole of Hokkaido asClethrionomys rufocanus or asC. rufocanus bedfordiae (vernacular name, the Bedford’s red-backed vole). The gray-sided vole is the most common small mammal in Hokkaido. It inhabits
open areas as well as forests, and mainly feeds on green plants. The gray-sided vole has a high reproductive potential; litter
size: 4–7; gestation period: 18–19 days; maturation age: 30–60 days old. Although spring-born individuals usually attain sexual
maturity in their summer/fall of birth, their maturation is sometimes suppressed under high densities. The breeding season
is generally from April to October, but with some regional variation.Clethrionomys rufocanus has a rather specialized diet (folivorous), particularly during winter when it feeds on bamboo grass. Many predators specialize
on the grey-sided vole in Hokkaido; even the red fox, which is a typical generalist predator, selectively feeds on this vole.
Damage by voles’ eating bark used to be sever on forest plantations in Hokkaido. Censuses of small rodents have been carried
out for management purpose since 1954. 相似文献
4.
Satoshi Ohdachi Ryuichi Masuda Hisashi Abe Nikolai E. Dokuchaev 《Researches on Population Ecology》1997,39(2):157-162
A hypothetical biogeographical history of northeastern Asiatic soricine shrews in the late Quaternary was developed by integrating
their present distributions, fossil records, a hypothetical phylogeny, and geological investigations. First, a biological
area cladogram of the northeastern Asiatic region was constructed by applying the vicariance hypothesis to the phylogeny of
thecaecutiens/shinto group, a monophyletic group proposed by Ohdachi et al. (1997). Comparing the biological area cladogram with a geological
hypothesis by Ohshima (1990,1991,1992), we hypothesized a geographical history of northeastern Asia. Species were then located
on the dendrogram of the geographical history, referring to the present distributions, fossil records, and phylogeny of shrews.
According to our hypothesis, higher species diversity of the northern region of northeastern Asia (Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and
Eastern Siberia) was achieved by several series of colonizations and habitat expansion. On the other hand, the shrew communities
of the southern region (Honshu, Sado, Shikoku, and Kyushu) were created by extinction and isolation followed by speciation. 相似文献
5.
Ottar N. Bj?rnstad Nils Chr Stenseth Takashi Saitoh Ole Chr Lingj?rde 《Researches on Population Ecology》1998,40(1):77-84
We study the regional transitions in dynamics of the gray-sided vole,Clethrionomys rufocanus, within Hokkaido, Japan. The data-set consists of 225 time series of varying length (most from 23 to 31 years long) collected
between 1962 and 1992 by the Forestry Agency of the Japanese Government. To see clearly how the periodic behavior changes
geographically, we estimate the spectral density functions of the growth rates of all populations using a log-spline method.
We subsequently apply functional data analysis to the estimated densities. The functional data analysis is, in this context,
analogous to a principal component analysis applied to curves. We plot the results of the analysis on the map of Hokkaido,
to reveal a clear transition from relatively stable populations in the southwest and west to populations undergoing 3–4 year
cycles in the northeast and east. The degree of seasonality in the vegetation and the rodent demography appear to be strongest
in the cyclic area. We briefly speculate that the destabilization of the rodent dynamics is linked to increased seasonalforcing
on the trophic interactions in which the gray-sided voles are involved. 相似文献
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