我国老年人临终前需要完全照料的时间分析

根据中国老年人健康长寿影响因素2005年第4周期调查数据,用多水平随机效应序列模型,对中国65岁及以上老年人临终前需要他人完全照料的天数进行较为系统的分析。结果显示照料时间与杜区社会经济发展因素无很大关联性,但与性别、受教育程度、有病及时治疗、子女可近度、经常参与宗教佛事活动和基期健康等个体因素存在一定依存关系。     

Homemaking,Temporality and Later Life

Abstract

While much literature has focused on the meaning of home, relatively little has been conducted on homemaking in later life. This paper demonstrates the importance of time in conceptualizations of home. Using an extensive case study from a multi-interview study with eight older people in England, it is shown that gardening can form the basis of a temporal framework which structures a life. Importantly, gardening can seem essential in homemaking and a reason not to move to residential living. This paper builds on literature that suggests home is a process and that people’s conceptualization and experience of home develop throughout their lives. As ageing and dying have become long and complicated processes, it is argued older people may find this challenging as this makes it difficult to prepare for the end of life.     

变革中的衰亡——清末新政再研究

清末新政是清王朝面对内忧外患局势而被动进行的一次涉及政治、军事、经济、教育等方面的自我改革,最后以失败而告终。文章从清末新政改革的内容为切入点,探寻新政失败的深层次原因。研究认为,改革者在主观方面的欠缺和失误是新政失败的重要原因,清朝统治者在新政中未能驾驭改革的种种措施,反而使之成为大清帝国最后灭亡的助推器,亲手培养并壮大了自己的反对力量,加速了封建帝制在中国的消亡。     

离心流化床中多孔介质干燥的传热传质研究

通过对典型的多孔湿物料在离心流化床中干燥过程的理论分析,将含湿多孔介质传热传质过程和物料与气流之间的外部传递过程相耦合,导出了离心流化床的控制方程组,在此基础上,可以对离心流化床中湿物料的干燥过程进行数值模拟。     

体验弥留者的意识流动——评安·波特的短篇小说

安·波特的短篇小说一向以展现人物的内心世界见长。以《被遗弃的老祖母》为例，她的创作手法师法沃尔芙和乔伊斯的意识流，同时又糅合进狄金森想象的弥留之际的体验和弗罗斯特的人生观。也许是巧合，也可能是有意，海明威在《乞力马扎罗的雪》中将安·波特的这种融各家所长于一炉的创作手法推向了另一个高峰。     

临终的道德内涵及其关怀的伦理维度

生命的临终不仅仅是单纯的医学技术性问题,也是个体生命的一种特殊过程。在这个过程中,临终者展示了对人生进行道德反思的一种特殊体验,体现了丰富的伦理学和形而上学的意义。作为人类特有的机能和理性的表现,个体生命的临终具有强烈的道德自觉。临终者能够在不同程度上以自己的方式认识到自己的历史属性及其道德内涵,意识到临终状态的多重意义,展示出自己的道德原则及其对人生实践的反思。因此,在对生命个体的临终伦理关怀中,应该注意这种临终状态的复杂情感和对人生得失的自我认知。本质上,这种伦理关怀即是要接受来自历史和未来的双重维度的道德审视。     

Family Work in Oncology: Trusting the Narrative

The author describes her work with a dying patient, work that extends from the patient to his wife and adult offspring, and has transformative benefits for the family.     

Voices of Resilience

Abstract

Terminally ill older adults have the capacity to live well in the context of dying. Having negotiated a lifetime of challenges, they have resources to demonstrate resilience and achieve wholeness in life's final phase, but research has not adequately investigated this process. This qualitative research study considered the paths to resilience used by 30 older adult hospice clients in Kansas and Illinois. Responses were coded using the grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin (1990) where data drives interpretation and text is coded into categories. Results centered on four themes that included: (1) a redefinition of self; (2) use of religion/spirituality or openness to uncertainty; (3) maintenance of social investments; and (4) guarding independence even as the scope of life contracted. Results imply that attention should be paid to building environments of wellness. This may be accomplished paradoxically through facilitating continuity of client interests and yet opportunities for creativity and growth as well. Listening with a healing stance and cultivating a habit of being fully present in interactions with clients assist in this process.     

"I Do" or Don't:

Although the health and social benefits of physical activity have been well documented, a majority of females at every life stage are insufficiently active to acquire those benefits. Explanations for this lack of commitment to physical activity have not been found. Marriage, as a social role and life circumstance, has been neglected as a possible explanation for the inactive lie patterns of women. This paper highlights the available scientific evidence on the relationships of marital status and spousal influence with the leisure-time physical activity of women throughout the lifespan. Research showed that women's leisure-time physical activity decreased upon marriage. The major factor in the maintenance of healthy levels of exercise for married women at all ages appeared to be a physically active and supportive spouse.     

Social issues in contemporary native America: reflections from Turtle Island

The purpose of this study was to explore how the death and dying-related beliefs of caregivers influence their actual caregiving behavior, and to explore factors that may prevent them from translating these beliefs into functional behavior. Using a biopsychosocial-spiritual- environmental framework, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with three primary caregivers of patients diagnosed with terminal illness. Caregiving behavior was found to be associated with the biopsychosocial-spiritual-environmental beliefs of the caregivers. These beliefs could have been influenced by the caregivers' past experiences with death and dying. Financial difficulty might also be a main obstacle hindering caregivers from providing the kind of care they believed was best for the patients.