The Electoral College and Conflict in American History and Politics

The historical relationship between the electoral college and controversial U.S. presidential elections, specifically with respect to conflict, is examined. The elections of 1800, 1824, 1860, 1876, 1888, 1968, and 2000 are examined. Aside from the 2000 election, there has been essentially no conflict in American history due to the electoral college. The constitutional structure and thinking behind the form of the electoral college is given, with emphasis on the federal aspects of the structure. The current movement to abolish the electoral college in favor of direct popular vote is depicted, along with the arguments against making that change. The conclusion is that we as a nation are far better off to retain the status quo than to make the called-for change.     

我国的人大代表选举制度

在当代,选举制度是代议民主最基本的要素。在我国,人大代表作为人民代表大会制度的主体,是通过民主选举而产生的。在人大代表选举制度中,有选举权的普遍性、选举权平等、直接选举和间接选举、差额选举、无记名投票（或秘密投票）等原则。选民登记、选区划分、代表名额、代表候选人的提出与确定、预选、代表候选人的宣传介绍、投票选举、选举结果的确定、对代表的监督和补选等都是这些原则的展开和体现。同时,可将这些原则作为标准来观照现实的选举制度。随着我国经济、政治、文化和社会等的发展,选举法也必须与时俱进。     

民族融合背景下的村民自治调查--以民族杂居的云南芒乐村为样本

本文对民族杂居村庄村民自治中的选择机制、动力机制和运行机制进行了研究.认为村民在利益权重之下,主要以能力和品质而非民族等因素为取向选择自己的"代理人",这是村民自治走向理性和良性的基础;村治的动力和积极性受到村集体、个人经济以及村委会自身运作状况的影响;村委会作为国家在农村基层新的政治设计,它与各组织的权力分配格局和关系协调程度,是村民自治健康发展的重要影响因素.     

团队竞选制:基层民主实践中新的选举模式

“团队竞选制”是我国基层民主选举中自发生成的一种新的选举模式.“团队竞选制”对于激发村民民主意识,形成监督与制衡机制,建立有序的基层选举秩序具有重要意义.在我国基层民主法律制度与民主实践存在背离的今天,解决基层民主实践中存在的难题,实现真正的村民自治,“团队竞选制”具有突破口的作用,其既能突破自上而下的国家权力对基层自治的制约,又可自下而上地自我建构与完善我国基层自治制度.同时,团队竞选制作为一种新的选举模式,还需要从理念、制度供给及竞选资金规制等方面进行完善.     

试论基层人大选举制度的改革

基层人大选举制度的改革是推进我国基层民主政治建设的一个重要举措,也是对十七大"发展民主政治,深化政治体制改革"精神的贯彻落实.目前,我国基层人大选举制度在立法和实践中还存在许多问题,与宪法赋予的权威地位还有一定的差距.本文在对这些问题进行分析的基础上,提出了基层人大选举制度改革的方向和建议.但应当明确,改革应当稳中求进,从基层经济发展的实际出发,与人们参与政治的积极性相适应,不能操之过急.     

Social Policy at the 2004 Election

Social policy appeared to be a key battleground at the 2004 Australian Federal election. Opposition Leader Latham announced major policies on Medicare, family support and taxation, and schools funding during the election campaign. Using sample survey data from the Australian Election Study 2004, this paper analyses how these policies may have influenced voters. In brief, although a significant proportion of electors identified these issues as being extremely important to them when they were deciding about how to vote, many made up their mind about how to vote around the time of the announcement of the election or before. This mitigated the potential effect that these major policies could have on the election outcome. Nevertheless, these policies were important and Labor had a significant policy advantage amongst those who were late deciders about how to cast their vote.     

从偏好的聚合到偏好的转换：中国农村民主形式变迁的内在理路

表达、汇集和满足偏好是民主的原本内涵和民主形式演进的内驱力。偏好聚合式的选举民主在中国获得了较大成就,并成为目前农村最主要的民主形式之一。但偏好聚合式的选举民主由于忽视了若干问题,导致其价值的发挥存在一定限度。为了更好地将村民个体的偏好表现出来,满足其管理乡村事务的需求,必须实现由偏好的聚合到偏好的转换,即实现从选举民主到协商民主的变迁,这是中国农村基层民主形式变迁的内在理路,也彰显了十八届三中全会民主政治建设的新思路。     

新中国选举制度建设的实践和经验——纪念人民代表大会制度建立60周年

新中国的选举制度是在总结民主革命时期根据地和解放区的选举经验、建国初期民主建政经验的基础上,借鉴苏联的选举制度,根据我国当时的具体情况建立起来的.第一部选举法的制定,标志着新中国选举制度的诞生.第二部选举法的制定和对第二部选举法的五次修正,发展和完善了我国选举制度.我国选举制度建设的经验主要体现在六个“坚持”上,即坚持对党对选举制度建设的领导,坚持社会主义政治价值观,坚持从实际出发着眼于实际的民主,坚持国家立法与地方立法并举,坚持社会主义民主法治原则,坚持整体推进、重点突出、单项突破和地方先行.     

Social Constructionism,Sexuality, and Politics

No abstract available for this article.     

Political entrepreneurship in the field of Māori sovereignty in Aotearoa New Zealand

Individual actors have the potential to shape political outcomes through creative use of opportunities. Political entrepreneurship identifies how such actors recognize and exploit opportunities, for personal or collective gain. The existing literature focuses on individuals operating within institutional settings, with less attention paid to other types of actors. In this article, I argue for an expansion of the political entrepreneurship framework, by considering individuals in the electoral and protest arenas. An examination of the field of Māori sovereignty, or tino rangatiratanga, in Aotearoa New Zealand allows exploration of prominent actors’ innovative strategies and practices. The findings highlight the actors’ reliance on identity in mobilizing support within the community, to press claims. Broadening the application of political entrepreneurship demonstrates the roles of social, cultural and political capital in influencing outcomes, by identifying opportunities available to individuals embedded in the community and according to the context of the arena.