绝望的反抗——论路翎的悲剧意识

路翎小说中的主要人物都是带有流浪气息的艺术形象,无论是蒋纯祖,还是郭素娥,他们都是孤军奋战,孤独与死亡常相伴随,难逃民族与历史给予他们的重压,生活在个体灵与肉的双重煎熬中。生命个体面对无边无际的时空,他们所做的反抗从开始便已注定失败的结局,但这种绝望的反抗将生命意义彰显出来,使人获得了存在的意义。从死亡、孤独与绝望三个侧面来分析路翎小说的悲剧色彩。     

职场孤独感对员工帮助行为的影响 ——基于资源保存理论视角

基于资源保存理论视角,构建了一个有调节的中介模型,实证研究了职场孤独感对员工帮助行为的影响。结果显示：职场孤独感对员工帮助行为具有负向影响,关系认同在职场孤独感与员工帮助行为之间起中介作用,自我控制资源损耗负向调节了关系认同与员工帮助行为之间的关系,自我控制资源损耗调节了关系认同在职场孤独感和员工帮助行为之间发挥的中介作用。基于此,企业应重视员工的职场孤独感并加强管理,采取相应激励措施鼓励员工提高关系认同感,补充自我控制资源,从而降低职场孤独感对企业组织的不利影响。     

Life Satisfaction,Self-Esteem,and Loneliness Among LGB Adults and Heterosexual Adults in China

ABSTRACT

Low levels of life satisfaction have been linked to low self-esteem and loneliness, but this association has never been tested directly in LGB (lesbian/gay/bisexual) populations. We compared 275 Chinese LGB adults to 275 demographic-matched Chinese heterosexual controls on life satisfaction, self-esteem, and loneliness. LGB adults reported lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of loneliness than heterosexuals, but similar levels of overall life satisfaction. Self-esteem partially mediated (but did not moderate) the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction in both groups. Hierarchical regressions indicated that demographic variables, loneliness, and self-esteem can predict life satisfaction in both LGB and heterosexual adults, but explained more variance of life satisfaction in the LGB group. Thus self-esteem and loneliness play a more important role in life satisfaction for LGB rather than heterosexual Chinese adults.     

柳宗元谪居柳州文心发微

柳州四年是柳宗元一生的最后阶段,也是他创作的高峰期.尽管他在这四年的仕宦生涯中仍持守"辅时及物"之道,但终因长期的弃置使他内心几近绝望,故其创作风格既表现了犹待时用中的孤峭哀怨,又展现了人生大迷惘中的幽郁凄婉,这两种浓烈的悲剧性体验,使其人格和作品具有重要的悲剧美学价值.     

女性欲望的分裂与张扬--对张爱玲《心经》中女性形象的再认识

旨在探讨《心经》中独特的女性形象以及张爱玲写此文的深层原因。生活在父权制社会下,男性凝望世界中的女性,渴望直接与男性对话,从而产生异样感情,特殊的母女关系经历了分裂到张扬再到重组的过程,表现出女性在与男性相抗衡的过程中的绝望与疯狂,也隐含作者内心深处的希望。     

荒诞与异化:西方现代主义文学反向悲剧的重新阐释

现代的西方西绪福斯精神孕育了西方现代主义文学的新悲剧意识。西方现代主义文学的艺术形象是“意识到一切都是荒谬人”,是“局外人”,并由此表现出少有的孤独和冷漠,潜含着真正的悲剧性。生之忧与死之惧是现代人的通病,也是西方现代主义文学不断触及的表现主题,荒诞的厌倦和恐惧构成现代主义文学悲剧意识的两大内容。“异化”是西方人最严峻的悲剧性境遇,对人类崇高品格的否定必然导致对悲剧崇高性的否定,因此出现了现代主义文学的反向悲剧。     

当代西方孤独感研究进展

西方学者近30年来对孤独感的研究主要涉及对孤独感概念和理论的探讨、孤独感测量工具的编制、孤独感预测指标的测量和影响因素的分析、孤独感应付方式等内容.尽管西方学者关于孤独感的研究取得了丰硕的成果,但该领域的研究仍是不成熟的.     

阁楼上的孤独女人——管窥凯特·肖班的双重写作策略

本文利用女性主义批评理论分析了凯特·肖班在《觉醒》中的书写策略。与女主人公艾德娜相比,幽居阁楼上的赖思小姐对传统的颠覆更为直接彻底。一方面她是表层文本主入公艾德娜内心世界的真实写照;另一方面,肖班通过表面上遵循男权社会对女性天使的期待标准,丑化、诋诽赖思小姐,实质上却在深层文本中传达了女性对自由的渴望的信息,从而在父权制的虎视眈眈下,实现与读者的交流,获得了一定的女性话语权。     

心理控制源与缺陷感对大学生孤独感的影响

目的：探讨心理控制源与缺陷感对大学生孤独感的影响,并分析缺陷感在心理控制源与孤独感之间的中介作用。方法：采用UCLA孤独量表、缺陷感量表和IPC量表对427名大学生进行问卷调查。结果：一是孤独感总分显著高于常模(t=9.86,P<0.01);缺陷感总分显著高于前人研究结果(t=10.33,P<0.01);内控性显著低于常模(t=-18.40,P<0.01),机遇显著高于常模(t=4.09,P<0.01)。二是对于男大学生,自尊、社交自信和体能能反方向显著预测孤独感(β=-0.29、-0.29和-0.23,P<0.05);对于女大学生,自尊、社交自信能反方向显著预测孤独感(β=-0.29和-0.38,P<0.01)。三是缺陷感在内控性预测孤独感中,起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比率为47％;而缺陷感在两种外控源(机遇、势力他人)预测孤独感中起完全中介效应。结论：心理控制源和缺陷感对孤独感都有显著预测作用,缺陷感在心理控制源预测孤独感之间起中介作用。     

Going solo: Findings from a survey of women aging without a partner and who do not have children

Greater longevity in the UK population has led to the increasing diversity of women experiencing aging in a multitude of ways. Internationally, gender inequalities in aging are still relatively invisible within both government policy and everyday life for particular groups of women. This article explores the concept of women growing older “solo”—by which we mean women who find themselves nonpartnered and aging without children as they move into later life. We report on the findings from a mixed-methods survey of 76 solo women in the UK aged 50 years and over, used to provide a broader overview of the issues and challenges they face as they move into later life. Qualitative data from the survey captured respondents’ perspectives about the links between their relationships status and well-being in later life and highlighted specific cumulative disadvantages emerging for some women as a result of their solo lifestyles. We discuss two key themes that were identified, “solo-loneliness” and “meaningful futures,” in conjunction with the relevant literature and make suggestions for future research within gender and aging studies that could enhance more positive approaches to solo lifestyles.