试论明代封建礼教思想对妇产科学的影响

从封建礼教对妇产科学发展的制约以及医家在此束缚下艰难地取得一定的成就两方面 ,阐述明代封建礼教思想对妇产科学的影响。可以发现这一时期的妇产科学发展侧重于妇科理论的深化 ,淡化产科学的发展     

Barriers to antenatal psychosocial assessment and depression screening in private hospital settings

Problem

The evidence of benefit for antenatal psychosocial assessment and depression screening has been sufficient to lead the implementation of screening in public hospitals in all states of Australia. Details of the implementation of perinatal screening in private obstetric settings is less well known.

Midwives must,obstetricians may: An ethnographic exploration of how policy documents organise intrapartum fetal monitoring practice

BackgroundThe capacity for midwifery to improve maternity care is under-utilised. Midwives have expressed limits on their autonomy to provide quality care in relation to intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring.AimTo explore how the work of midwives and obstetricians was textually structured by policy documents related to intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring.MethodsInstitutional Ethnography, a critical qualitative approach was used. Data were collected in an Australian hospital with a central fetal monitoring system. Midwives (n = 34) and obstetricians (n = 16) with experience working with the central fetal monitoring system were interviewed and observed. Policy documents were collected and analysed.FindingsMidwives’ work was strongly structured by policy documents that required escalation of care for any CTG abnormality. Prior to being able to escalate care, midwives were often interrupted by other clinicians uninvited entry into the room in response to the CTG seen at the central monitoring station. While the same collection of documents guided the work of both obstetricians and midwives, they generated the expectation that midwives must perform certain tasks while obstetricians may perform others. Midwifery work was textually invisible.Discussion and conclusionOur findings provide a concrete example of the way policy documents both reflect and generate power imbalances in maternity care. Obstetric ways of knowing and doing are reinforced within these documents and continue to diminish the visibility and autonomy of midwifery. Midwifery organisations are well placed to co-lead policy development and reform in collaboration with maternity consumer and obstetric organisations.     

Mrs Stone and Dr Smellie: British eighteenth-century birth attendance and long-run levels and trends in maternal mortality discussed in a north European context

This is a book review turned research paper. The aim is to estimate the differences in the maternal mortality rate (MMR) between untrained midwives, expert midwives, and the famous obstetrician Dr Smellie in eighteenth-century Britain. The paper shows that the birth attendance practices of the expert midwife Mrs Stone and of Dr Smellie were very similar, though Stone used her hands whereas Smellie used forceps. Both applied the same invasive techniques to successfully deliver women with similar fatal complications, techniques that untrained midwives and most surgeons of the time could not perform. However, the same procedures, if used for normal births, would have increased the MMR. So, the key to the low MMR of both was that they kept interventions away from the majority of births that were normal. The paper quantifies the likely MMR for a ‘Stone and Smellie style’ birth attendance and concludes that the wider dissemination of their techniques can explain the decline in the British MMR.     

民国时期北京产科接生群体的规训与形象建构(1912—1937)

清末民初以来,中国的妇女生育逐渐经历了一场基于西医知识体系的医疗化过程,这是中国社会近代化的组成部分。然而,相比于关于这一时期中西医的一般论争,西医在产科医疗领域主导地位的确立以及相应的医疗新秩序的建立,较少受到学界的关注。文章以产婆的规训和被污名化作为具体切入点,探讨西医的宣传者与捍卫者在与传统中医竞争过程中所采取的知识或社会策略,认为西医知识系统在产科医疗领域的确立,很大程度上并非依赖于其知识和技术的“先进性”,而更多的是社会和文化等多种因素共同作用的结果。      

Less or more? Maternal requests that go against medical advice

Problem and background

This study explores the experiences of Dutch midwives and gynaecologists with pregnant women who request more, less or no care during pregnancy and/or childbirth.

Times for birth: chronic and kairotic mediated temporalities in TLC’s A Baby Story

Despite repeated acclaim within the television industry, feminist media scholars have argued that TLC’s long-running program, A Baby Story, disciplines women into selecting obstetrical intervention by offering a standard episodic structure for understanding a complex birth experience. This article thickens this line of inquiry by arguing that TLC uses a narrow, but decipherable, range of temporalities to leverage biomedicine’s claim to childbirth. Drawing on the rhetorical concepts of chronos as narrative duration-time and kairos as interruptive moments of possibility, I argue that episodes are structured by a chronic articulation of “family completion” and “hospital biomedical duration” that conditions women to expect a kairotic interruption of selected birth plans. I conclude with implications for studying birth temporalities and rhetorically crafting women-centered birth narratives.     

“寓教于乐”在妇产科教学中的尝试

传统教学模式已不适应当代大学生 ,为了激发学生的学习兴趣和热情 ,提高教学质量 ,我们采用各种生动形象的教学方式进行妇产科教学 ,取得满意效果