Adolescents Conceived through Donor Insemination in Mother‐Headed Families: A Qualitative Study of Motivations and Experiences of Contacting and Meeting Same‐donor Offspring

This study interviewed adolescents conceived using sperm donation to examine their experiences of contacting and meeting ‘same‐donor offspring’ (i.e. donor‐conceived offspring raised in different families who share the same donor), their motivations for this contact, and how they make meaning of these relationships. This in‐depth qualitative study involved semi‐structured interviews with 23 young people aged 12–19 years (mean = 14 years). Interviewees were motivated by curiosity about their biological relations and by wanting to extend their family. Contact with same‐donor offspring was described as being either normal/neutral or as a unique experience that was integrated into their identity. This study highlights the importance of contact between same donor offspring, particularly during adolescence, a developmental stage associated with identity formation. The findings have important policy implications as they suggest that donor‐conceived individuals may benefit from contact with others conceived using the same donor prior to the age of 18 years.     

Family Involvement and Holocaust Salience among Offspring and Grandchildren of Holocaust Survivors

The present research focuses on family involvement reported by offspring and grandchildren of Holocaust survivors (OHS and GHS, respectively). Study 1 included a convenience sample of 75 participants, divided into 2 groups (36 OHS and 39 comparisons). Study 2 included a convenience sample of 92 dyads of OHS and GHS. Both samples completed the Family Involvement Questionnaire and the Holocaust Salience Scale. In line with the hypotheses, Study 1 found that, relative to comparisons, OHS presented greater familial involvement. Only OHS with strong family involvement showed higher Holocaust salience than comparisons. Study 2 showed higher familial involvement among OHS as compared to GHS, and significant parent-child correlations. The results show that family involvement is related to intergenerational transmission of the trauma, especially among OHS. Yet, among OHS and GHS, parents’ and children’s family involvement were associated. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

清代吴地女学的兴盛与吴文化

长期以来,人们总是对女性在封建宗法制度下的卑微地位抱以同情的态度,却忽略了她们牺牲奉献所产生的巨大社会价值。清代吴地女学的兴盛,培养了一大批多才多艺的知识女性,她们创造出了美仑美奂的艺术奇葩,构成了吴文化长廊中的独特风景。而她们在家庭教育中发挥的社会作用,更成为吴文化传承链中一个不可或缺的环节。     

渭水流域是华夏文化的重要源头--论宝鸡地区在炎黄族融合和孕育三代文化中的重要地位

炎帝神农氏和黄帝轩辕氏部落在今宝鸡地区相聚且交错发展,成为泾水南、北的大部族.黄帝部族与炎帝神农氏第八代孙榆罔帝部族徙入中原地区后逐渐融合,构成了华夏族.他们在夏商周时又在宝鸡地区形成大国或小国,使炎黄文化故地大放三代文化异彩,成为古代中国文化的主要渊源和发展地之一,故华夏文化的发源地是渭水流域的宝鸡地区.     

Small-sample results for maximum-likelihood estimation in branching processes

In this article, small sample properties of the maximum-likelihood estimator (m.l.e.) for the offspring distribution (pk) and its mean m are considered in the context of the simple branching process. A representation theorem is given for the m.l.e. of (Pk) from which the m.l.e. of m is obtained. The case where p0 + p1 + p2 = 1 is studied in detail: numerical results are given for the exact bias of these estimators as a function of the age of the process; a curve fitting analysis expresses the bias of m? as a function of the mean and the variance of the offspring distribution and finally an “approximate m.l.e.” for (pk) is given.     

冲突与融合：文化冲突背景下的农民工子女心理问题探析

农民工子女心理问题的产生来源于城乡文化的冲突。在阐述文化与文化冲突环境的基础上,就农民工子女面对文化冲突的心理问题进行分析,并在关爱的前提下,针对问题提出了解决这些问题的相应对策,旨在帮助这些农民工子女尽快地融入城市,构建和谐社会生活。     

我国亲子关系立法完善问题新探

2001年修正后的《婚姻法》关于父母子女关系方面的规定,仍有许多不尽完善之处。特别是对父母子女之间应当具有的基本权利和义务没有作出全面明确的规定,内容上仍显粗糙,不能适应我国新时期婚姻家庭关系发展变化和调整婚姻家庭关系的需要。建议在今后修改《婚姻法》或制定《民法典》时,应对子女的姓权、非婚生子女的认领、继父母子女关系的形成和解除等基本内容作出相应的规定,以进一步完善我国的婚姻家庭立法。     

Variance Estimators in Critical Branching Processes With Non-Homogeneous Immigration

The asymptotic normality of conditional least squares estimators for the offspring variance in critical branching processes with nonhomogeneous immigration is established, under moment assumptions on both reproduction and immigration. The proofs use martingale techniques and weak convergence results in Skorokhod spaces.     

On some probability distributions for forward birth interval

Parents’ decisions to have children are modeled by a simple stopping rule that describes the probability of having another child as a function of the number of boys and girls already born to the parents. Because the stopping rule depends on the sex of the offspring, the rule may introduce a correlation between sex of offspring and the number of siblings the offspring has. When this is coupled with a correlation between number of siblings and well‐being, a correlation between sex and well‐being may emerge despite equal treatment of the two sexes within each family. The author provides sufficient conditions on a stopping rule for it to be sexist in the sense that the average well‐being of one sex is higher than that of the other sex.