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Ecology of urban lawns under three common management programs 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Turfgrass lawns are a central part of urban and suburban landscapes throughout North America and are often managed using repeated
applications of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. These inputs are expensive and may negatively affect ecological processes
in lawns. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of three most common lawn care programs on ecological characteristics of turfgrass
lawns. Twenty-eight home lawns, separated into 3 groups based on the lawn care program (professional, do-it-yourself [DIY],
and no-input), were studied. Data on lawn quality, weed and insect infestation, disease incidence, soil nematode community,
soil nitrogen pools, microbial biomass (MBN), and soil organic matter (SOM) were collected. Results indicated that professional
lawn care resulted in the highest aesthetic lawn quality mainly due to better weed control, compared to DIY and no-input programs.
However, professional and DIY programs negatively affected MBN and SOM pools and enhanced disease (rust) severity. No significant
differences in soil nematode population and nematode community indices across the three programs were found, indicating no
differences in net ecosystem productivity among the three programs. Overall, soil nematode food web in turfgrass lawns represented
a disturbed food web compared to natural grasslands and forest ecosystems, irrespective of the lawn care program used. 相似文献
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Katsumi Togashi 《Researches on Population Ecology》1991,33(2):245-256
Summary To understand the mechanism of spread of pine wilt disease caused by the pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is vectored by a cerambycid,Monochamus alternatus, the spatial distribution of trees weakened by the nematode was examined within aPinus thunbergii stand from June to October for 4 years. The weakened trees were distributed in a clumped pattern in 1980 and 1981, at an
early stage of infestation. In many cases, they showed a double-clumped pattern. The degree of aggregation was higher in June
or July than after August. They were uniformly distributed in June or July 1982 and in June 1983 whereas they showed a double-clumped
pattern after August. The trees were frequently weakened in June or July when they were near the trees weakened during the
previous year. At quadrat sizes of more than 25 m2, spatial overlapping was pronounced between trees weakened during June–July of the current year and those weakened in the
previous year. The seasonal changes in spatial distribution of weakened trees were explained by the interaction amongM. alternatus, B. xylophilus andPinus trees. 相似文献
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对通辽市主要花卉种植区的芍药进行了调查。结果表明 ,根结线虫病发病率有上升趋势 ,有的地区发病级别达 2~ 3级 ,发病率达 31%。北方根结线虫 (Meloidogynehapla)为优势种 ,同时发现了少量的南方根结线虫 (M .incognita)。 10 - 30cm土层中根结线虫群体数量较大 ,1-10cm土层和 50cm深处也有一定的分布 相似文献
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