深层生态学的自然保护观

深层生态学是现代西方一种激进的环境主义思潮。它要求承认自然的内在价值 ,倡导生态中心主义的平等 ,并从整体主义立场出发 ,对现代的功利主义自然保护方式提出了批评 ,在此基础上提出“顺应自然”的资源管理方式和更为深刻的荒野保护思想 ,为可持续发展战略下的环境保护提供了有益的启示     

走进壮美荒野——美国生态文学对生态审美和生态旅游的启示

随着环保意识的高涨,生态文学、生态旅游当前日益受到关注。通过风景审美与生态审美的对比,指出生态审美是一场美学变革,深刻影响了生态旅游的发展。溯源了美国生态审美的肇端——边疆传统,选取梭罗、缪尔、利奥波德、爱德华·艾比等影响力较大的美国生态文学作家为研究对象,兼及其他生态文学作家,从"荒野成为家园"、刀下救荒野、多样和谐之美、空间之美、广义荒野等几方面,梳理美国生态文学对美国生态审美和生态旅游的影响。最后浅析其对中国生态旅游的启示。     

福克纳“大森林三部曲”之于生态环境的观照

自然环境的健康存在是人类生存和发展的必要前提。生态环境危机的日益恶化促使人们进行着反省和反思。福克纳在他的"大森林三部曲"中将人与大自然作为作品的主角,描绘了人类文明的发展对大自然的破坏,表达了其难以割舍的自然情结和对人类文明的反思。作品体现了作者善待自然、保护环境、与自然和谐相处的生态整体主义的大地伦理观。     

翻译：构建诗性语言之桥——斯奈德英译中国古诗研究

＂荒野＂精神是美国现代诗人加里.斯奈德思想的核心,它类似于＂道＂。斯奈德的语言观与诗学观与其＂荒野＂精神一致,主张用自然的语言来表现自然。他认为中国古诗语言与其理想中的自然语言接近,而且中国古诗中表现出来的人与自然的和谐关系也非常完美。因此,他对中国古诗的翻译可视为一种创造更为完善的诗性语言的努力,其翻译也成为其创作的先锋与实验。     

《荒原》中荒原意识的构筑与演绎

艾略特的《荒原》用陌生化的艺术感受方式构筑了荒原意识,用化丑为美的方式演绎了荒原意识,用宗教精神超越了荒原意识。     

Environmental Protection,Population Change,and Economic Development in the Rural Western United States

This research analyzes the relationship between protected federal lands (wilderness, national parks, national monuments and roadless areas) and nearby communities in the rural western United States. Opponents of environmental protection claim that protected lands limit the growth of nearby communities by locking up potentially valuable natural resources and restricting mining, logging and grazing. Others claim that extractive industries are no longer the backbone of rural economies— instead, the presence of protected federal lands encourages growth by attracting tourists and new residents. A geographic information system is used to calculate the proportion of protected lands occurring within 50 miles of the center of each western county. This calculation, in combination with detailed county-level data, indicates that environmental protection is correlated with relatively rapid population growth and with relatively rapid income and employment growth.     

“去荒野化”的案例考察——以河流、森林为例

通过对河流和森林"去荒野化"的考察,发现在这种国家行政视角和民间利益企图下标准化和简单化对待自然的方式背后,潜藏着"极端现代主义"的行动逻辑,即将杂乱的自然转化为一种容易管理的秩序,排除一切扰乱的障碍物。将自然环境视为纯粹的威胁物或是资源的攫取地,将河流和林木的理性化安排赋予了控制自然的可能,深深地打上了人为设计的印记,忽视了自然生态过程的复杂性、自然对于人们的社会效用以及人作为自然的一部分。为了人与自然的永续发展,必须转变对环境生态以及人与自然关系的认知。     

Planning for broad-based environmental protection: A look back at the Chicago Wilderness <Emphasis Type="Italic">Biodiversity Recovery Plan</Emphasis>

In 1994 a collaboration of environmental interests formed in the Chicago region, U.S.A. Composed of representatives of environmental organizations, government agencies, citizen and neighborhood groups, private interests, and university representatives, the consortium provides a forum for communication, advocacy, policy, and sharing ideas and knowledge about biodiversity issues and the various activities of each organization. The specific mission of the Chicago Wilderness Consortium is to protect, restore, and manage natural lands, plants, and animals in the Chicago region. Shortly after forming the Chicago Wilderness Consortium, the idea of creating a region-wide biodiversity recovery plan emerged, in order to provide a blueprint for how the consortium would accomplish its mission. Within a few years, the group began work on the Chicago Wilderness Biodiversity Recovery Plan, and it is now among the first regional biodiversity plans in the United States. While using collaborative planning processes to solve environmental problems is not unique, the Biodiversity Recovery Plan and the process through which it was created were innovative in the U.S. for having a broad and ambitious scope, extensive use of some kinds of data and analysis (particularly on natural communities), the large number of participants in the planning process (over 200), and the dispersed organizational structure in which the consortium operates. Another innovation was adoption of the plan by three regional planning commissions in three different states. The Chicago Wilderness Biodiversity Recovery Plan was one of the first major departures from traditional (single-medium based) environmental planning by a region in the United States. These innovations warrant research and reflection, 8 years after completion of the plan, and are the focus of this article.

威廉·克罗农的环境史研究中的主要观念探析

威廉·克罗农,美国著名的环境史学家,其学术著作《土地的变迁：新英格兰的印第安人、殖民者和生态》、《自然的大都市：芝加哥和大西部》等,均为美国环境史研究的佳作。克罗农的环境史研究内容很丰富,其中凸显的主要思想观念富有特色,并值得关注和重视。具体而言,他对环境史定义的探讨,展示了美国环境史研究领域的扩大和研究内容的细化;对资本主义文化的批判,则是他在反思中找寻如何更好地认识文化与自然关系的途径;而对“自然一文化”关系的解读,更着意于强调对“自然”概念的重新认识以及对“荒野”观念的重新建构。     

《八里荒轶事》的底层叙事及陈应松的困局

湖北作家陈应松的近作《八里荒轶事》,是他在中国文坛颇具影响力的神龙架系列小说创作的又一收获。小说以神龙架偏远山区的一个底层女性端加荣的生存困境来组织材料,在主人公充满生命悖论的遭遇中,以深刻的笔触展示出社会底层具有原生态意味的女性地位及作为社会弱势者生活的现状。荒僻的山区像是被文明遗忘的荒原,贫困导致了人们生存艰难和道德的悖反、人性的丧失。在充满象征性的叙事中,小说让端加荣在陌生的城市找到了幸福。这一修辞性的处理,隐含了作者对现实的一种强烈的期待。同时,小说叙事法度的某些缺憾也显现出作者创作模式的疲惫与困局。