浆细胞膜糖蛋白基因K121Q变异与老年人2型糖尿病的关联研究

目的探讨浆细胞膜糖蛋白基因(PC-1)4号外显子K121Q变异与老年人2型糖尿病的相关性。方法自2006年北京市社区2型糖尿病调查资料中选出有糖尿病家族史,且相互间无亲缘关系的老年2型糖尿病患者228例,同时选择非糖尿病健康老年对照人群308例。所有受试者均签署知情同意书,所有受试者均为汉族。应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,检测PC-1基因K121Q的多态性分布情况。结果老年2型糖尿病患者中KK基因型177例(77.6%),KQ基因型46例(20.2%),QQ基因型5例(2.2%),K、Q等位基因频率分别是87.7%和12.3%;正常老年对照组中KK基因型239例(77.6%),KQ基因型63例(20.5%),QQ基因型6例(1.9%),K、Q等位基因频率分别是87.8%和12.2%;PC-1基因K121Q变异的基因型频率和等位基因频率在两组中的分布差异无显著性(P>0.05);PC-1基因K121Q变异的基因型频率和等位基因频率在男性和女性中的分布差异也无显著性(P>0.05);PC-1基因K121Q变异的KK基因型组与KQ QQ基因型组中的肥胖指标的特征差异也无显著性(P>0.05)。结论PC-1基因K121Q变异可能与老年人2型糖尿病的易感性无关联。     

“学术”与“革命”的交融——李何林现代文学研究述略

作为中国现代文学学科开创者之一,李何林的学术成就主要体现在左翼文艺研究和鲁迅研究两个方面。他的《中国文艺论战》、《近二十年中国文艺思潮论》仍是当今学界现代文艺思潮研究不可忽略的出发点;他的鲁迅研究与“新民主主义”的文学史观结合,堪称建国后鲁学“正统派”的代表。对李何林而言,革命经历影响学术选择,学术方法、理路体现革命信仰和斗争思维．我们要从“革命”与“学术”的交融来理解其现代文学研究。     

An intuitive risk factors search algorithm: usage of the Bayesian network technique in personalized medicine

The article focuses on the application of the Bayesian networks (BN) technique to problems of personalized medicine. The simple (intuitive) algorithm of BN optimization with respect to the number of nodes using naive network topology is developed. This algorithm allows to increase the BN prediction quality and to identify the most important variables of the network. The parallel program implementing the algorithm has demonstrated good scalability with an increase in the computational cores number, and it can be applied to the large patients database containing thousands of variables. This program is applied for the prediction for the unfavorable outcome of coronary artery disease (CAD) for patients who survived the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). As a result, the quality of the predictions of the investigated networks was significantly improved and the most important risk factors were detected. The significance of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphism for the prediction of the unfavorable outcome of CAD for patients survived after ACS was revealed for the first time.     

世纪之交的拉美左派评析

世纪之交,拉美左派运动正在走向一个新的发展阶段,这不仅有利于拉美地区政治经济的发展,而且对整个国际关系会产生深远的影响。因此,要在新的时代背景下,从历史的角度,客观地认识拉美左翼的崛起和它进一步发展的必然性。     

20世纪30年代北平大学中的左翼思潮

20世纪30年代左翼思潮在大学生中相当流行,不过由于学校立场、师生关系等各种因素,其在不同学校表现的强度和形式亦有所不同。本文以大学较为集中的北平为对象,考察左翼思潮在各校中的分布情况,认为在左翼思潮兴盛的学校,学生占据着主导地位,这一点亦有助于我们理解左翼学生从事文化运动时所采取的策略。     

The Resistible Rise of Sarah Palin: Continuity and Paradox in the American Right Wing1

Sarah Palin clearly holds a powerful appeal for a right‐wing constituency although even her most fervent followers may doubt that she is electable. This article examines the basis of her appeal. We argue that it can be summed up as an appeal to American authenticity, which consists of several elements: the valorization of small town ordinary life takes second place to faith and religious commitment; an equal faith in American exceptionality implies that Americans should never be apologetic about their country and never waver in their belief in its special greatness; the final elements are a foundational libertarian creed and a peculiar brand of right‐wing populism. However, for all her affinities with classical right‐wing sentiment, Sarah Palin, we argue, brings something new to the mix: a genuinely maverick right‐wing feminism. That is why in the end, we call the Palin phenomenon a paradoxical one.     

试论新农村建设与城市化的协同发展

中国目前仍有8亿多的农村人口,建设新农村是一项重大的抉择。但中国的新农村建设是在中国现代化发展很不充分的情况下提出的。新农村建设与工业化、城市化或总体来讲的现代化是密切相关的,有其系统规定性。在研究“中国的社会主义新农村建设是什么”、“工业化、城市化和现代化的过程”、“中国大陆城市化的滞后及原因”的基础上,提出“协同新农村建设与城市化的构想”。     

Polymorphic fundatrices in thimbleberry aphid — ecology and maintenance

The thimbleberry aphid,Masonaphis maxima (Mason) lives on patches of plants that support 3,4 or 5 generations depending on site and weather. The life cycle requires sexual females and males to produce overwintering eggs. The eggs hatch in the spring to produce the first ’fundatrix’ generation; subsequent generations are produced parthenogenically. Males and other morphs are produced by wingless virginoparae, but sexual females are produced by ’gynoparae’, a winged morph that is specialized to produce only sexual females. The fundatrices have no indication of the number of generations that the plants will support in the current year. There are two fundatrix types that coexist in different ratios depending on the number of generations supported by the patch the previous year. One type produces sexual females in generations 3 and 5, and males in generations 4 and 5; the other type produces sexual females in generations 4 and 5, and males in generations 3, 4 and 5. The dimorphism adapts the aphid to its heterogeneous and somewhat unpredictable environment. The role of sex in the maintenance of the dimorphism is discussed. This is the first report of fundatrix polymorphism and consequent differential sex expression in aphids.     

左翼知识分子与延安文学体制建构

左翼知识分子是延安时期文学艺术活动的主要发起者、组织者、参与者与建构者。1936年底,中日民族矛盾进一步加剧,受中国共产党坚决抗日的政治主张的召唤,大批进步文人与左翼作家奔赴延安革命解放区。初来延安的左翼知识分子按照五四新文艺路径进行文学创作,尖锐批判和深刻揭露解放区存在的不良现象,引起党内干部和战士的极端不满,知识分子与工农干部矛盾日益突出。经过整风、审干、抢救运动,左翼知识分子认识到自己的不足和延安战时环境的特殊性,积极转变立场,主动改造自己,深入群众生活,创作出老百姓喜闻乐见的文艺精品,把延安文艺运动推向高潮。     

EEFSEC基因、染色体17q24和染色体11q13.2基因变异与前列腺癌的关联研究

目的探索EEFSEC基因(rs10934853,A)、染色体17q24区(rs1859962,T)和染色体11q13.2(rs7931342,T)的基因变异类型与前列腺癌患病发病风险的关联,分析这些基因型与前列腺癌患者临床特征的关系。方法采用病例对照研究设计,比较病例组中124例患者和对照组中138例正常对照者的EEFSEC基因(rs10934853,A)、染色体17q24区(rs1859962,T)和染色体11q13.2(rs7931342,T)等位基因和基因型频率的差异,并探讨各基因变异与患者的确诊年龄,BMI,Gleason评分,PSA浓度,肿瘤分期等临床特征之间的关联。结果 EEFSEC基因(rs10934853,A)、染色体17q24区(rs1859962,T)和染色体11q13.2(rs7931342,T)的基因型和等位基因在病例组和对照组中的频率分布差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),然而,EEFSEC基因(rs10934853,A)和染色体17q24区(rs1859962,T)存在更强的基因-基因协同的交互作用(P=0.0396,OR=1.722,95%CI=1.0244~2.8944);病例组基因型-表型观察指标关联分析表明,3个SNPs与PCa患者的年龄、Gleason评分、PSA浓度及烟酒均无关联(P0.05),然而,染色体17q24区(rs1859962,T)位点与食用蛋类有关(P=0.005)。结论 EEFSEC基因(rs10934853,A),17q24(rs1859962,T)和11q13.2(rs7931342,T)位点可能与我国北方人群前列腺癌的发病风险无关联,但是存在有基因之间增加PCa发病风险的协同效应。