Efficient designs based on orthogonal arrays of type I and type II for experiments using units ordered over time or space

For a wide variety of applications, experiments are based on units ordered over time or space. Models for these experiments generally may include one or more of: correlations, systematic trends, carryover effects and interference effects. Since the standard optimal block designs may not be efficient in these situations, orthogonal arrays of type I and type II, which were introduced in 1961 by C.R. Rao [Combinatorial arrangements analogous to orthogonal arrays, Sankhya A 23 (1961) 283–286], have been recently used to construct optimal and efficient designs for many of these experiments. Results in this area are unified and the salient features are outlined.     

技术选择与产业演进：以BD与HD-DVD之争为例

以技术、经济、市场、制度四维框架分析了产业演进的动力机制,以一个新旧技术更替的动态模型分析了对适宜技术选择的更替过程,并以BD与HD-DVD技术之争为例,分析了技术选择与产业演进的关系,得出：产业演进是个系统工程,其中技术是最为基本的动力因素;技术选择是个动态过程,能否符合产业演进的路径取向是新技术成为市场主导技术的关键。     

西部新农合筹资适度性分析

新型农村合作医疗制度（以下简称新农合）是由政府组织引导支持,农民自愿参加,个人、集体和政府多方筹资,以大病统筹为主的农民医疗互助共济制度。实现这项制度的可持续发展,既是一项政治任务,同时也是一项经济活动。本文结合我国西部地区近几年新农合的运行情况对筹资的适度性进行分析并提出意见建议,以实现这项制度的可持续发展。     

中东大规模动荡与我国的外交应对

中东剧变一年多以来,阿拉伯国家蒙受巨大冲击,引起了所有中东国家乃至国际社会的高度关注,而这首先与中东的重要位置有关.这次变局几乎波及所有阿拉伯国家,民众诉求涉及政治、经济、社会诸多方面.问题是长年积累下来的,2011年的动荡应是这种情绪的大爆发,虽会推动社会前进,但代价却是巨大的.叙利亚问题前景仍不明朗,目前只维持了脆弱的和平.中国以“不干涉内政”原则和“劝和促谈”的方针应对这次大动荡是正确的、主动的,不管外界有多少反对声音和暂时的不理解,都应坚定不移地走下去.     

用干涉滤波技术实现图象边缘增强

本文提出了用干涉及滤波技术实现图象边缘增强的一种新方法。将同一物体的一张正确对焦的透明片与另一张离焦的透明片重叠放在透镜的前面,在单色平行光照射下,在透镜的后焦面上得到两图象的谱的干涉,通过对干涉条纹的适当滤波,可在输出面得到边缘增强的象。     

政府采购合同的法律调整

政府采购合同是市场经济条件下政府取得物质基础 ,实现管理经济生活职能的基本法律形式。它与一定的市场主体 ,国家和社会有着密切的联系 ,有民事合同的平等要求 ,更有它自身的主体特殊性、目的公共性、资金财政性等特点。因此被规范于经济法体系中。但因其公、私法交织的特性 ,所及法律关系必然接受合同法、政府采购法等法律规范的共同调整。     

繁荣时期政府不作为的政策命题——关于宏观调控政策的一个理论假说

在经济周期处在衰退、萧条和复苏阶段时,政府要及时而适度地介入干预;在经济周期处在繁荣阶段时,政府则要采取不介入干预的不作为应对策略。政府既不能对某些周期阶段进行过度介入干预,也不能对所有周期阶段进行全程介入干预,更不能对一切周期阶段均进行过度介入干预,而只能对某些周期阶段进行适度介入干预。这种政策组合能够有效地减轻市场失灵和政府失灵两者叠加的巨大负面效应,从而收到国民经济高质量可持续发展的理性预期效果。     

行政法上的比例原则初探

行政法上的比例原则主要包括适当性原则、必要性原则和狭义比例原则三个方面。在德国、法国、美国、日本以及我国台湾地区等行政法治较为发达的国家和地区,比例原则都得到了不同程度的运用,但我国大陆地区对比例原则的运用还局限于自由裁量权领域。     

Get Full Text Research and the Search for Appropriate Copies

Abstract

A group of the largest academic publishers has launched a new service to simplify access to full-text research for users of discovery services and scholarly collaboration platforms. While this service aims to provide easy access to full-text articles using article-level entitlement information linked to institutions through Seamlessaccess.org, it also introduces ambiguity. The service allows for publishers to direct users to alternative versions when a full-text entitlement is not found for the user, though users may already be entitled to full text through providers that do not participate in the service. Depending on specific implementations, this could lead to further confusion and make it more difficult for users to find an appropriate copy.     

Associations between overtime and psychological health in high and low reward jobs

This study focused on the relationship between overtime and psychological health in high and low reward jobs, and in jobs with high and low external pressure to work overtime. Data were collected for 535 full-time employees of the Dutch Postal Service. In general, overtime was associated with negative work-home interference and negative home-work interference. Split-sample logistic regression analyses showed that employees reporting low rewards had elevated risks of burnout, negative work-home interference and slow recovery. In addition, the combination of overtime and low rewards was associated with negative home-work interference. A second analysis was conducted separately for employees who reported overtime in order to study the effects of external pressure to work overtime. In this subgroup, low rewards were associated with elevated risks of health complaints, emotional exhaustion and negative home-work interference. Moreover, employees who reported overtime and a high pressure to work overtime in combination with low rewards had elevated risks of poor recovery, cynicism, and negative work-home interference. The results suggest that even a limited number of hours of involuntary overtime is associated with adverse mental health, but only in low reward situations.