The validity of indices for rural health manpower needs assessment

Population-to-practitioner ratios have long been the primary index in the designation of health manpower shortage areas. This paper documents that application of the widely used population-to-dentist index results in understatement of the need for dental health manpower in rural areas. Through the analysis of utilization data collected from a statewide health screening program in Colorado, the practice of sole reliance on the population-to-dentist indices as an indicator of need was tested. Another measure, the area-(square miles) to-dentist ratio was formulated, examined, and found to be a more useful referent of the need for additional health manpower in rural areas. Utilization of dental services in sparsely settled rural counties of Colorado was unrelated to population-to-dentist ratios. A strong, statistically significant association of utilization with land area-to-dentist ratios was found. The findings of this analysis suggest a need for reevaluation of needs assessment methodologies used in the designation of health manpower shortage areas. Indices more sensitive to consumer circumstance than to the number of health care providers available must be considered.     

论社区零售订购业态

在短缺经济时代甚至直到19世纪,零售订购依然是人类重要的购物方式和销售方式。大工业资本主义的兴起几乎摧毁了零售订购业。在经济高速发展的今天,社区零售订购又恢复了他的生机,电话和电视订购也赋予了它新的涵义。B2C零售订购业将成为中国电子商务的E—SHOP零售营销大趋势。     

Pierre Elliott Trudeau and Bill C-150: A Rational Approach to Homosexual Acts, 1968–69

Between 1968 and 1969, Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau sparked a controversy surrounding his liberal government's passage of Bill C-150, which not only decriminalized homosexual acts between consenting adults in private, but also polarized supporters of natural law and positive law. What tipped the balance in favor of a more secular analysis of homosexuality? In the post-World War II era, three events were particularly relevant to the successful passage of Bill C-150: the Kinsey (1948 Kinsey, A. C. 1948. Sexual behavior in the human male, Philadelphia: W.B. Sanders.  [Google Scholar]) studies, Britain's Wolfenden Report (1957), and the Supreme Court of Canada case Klippert v. The Queen (des Rivieres & Shipley, 1967 des Rivieres, F. and Shipley, M. 1967. “Canada law reports: The Supreme Court of Canada”. In Klippert v. The Queen, Ottawa: King's Printer.  [Google Scholar]). However, the Liberals, Conservatives, Social Credit Party, and the Ralliement Créditistes were all influenced by the social construction of inversion, openly expressing a Judeo-Christian natural law bias during Debates of the House of Commons (1968-69). Nonetheless, it was the Liberals that were identified as forces within Canadian politics that could separate legalism from moralism, even while retaining personal moral stances against homosexuals. It is this paradox that is often forgotten when discussing liberal policy in Canada during the late 1960s.     

Sasakian空间形式中的C-全实伪脐子流形

文章讨论了Sasakian空间形式中标准平均曲率向量平行的C-全实伪脐子流形，得到了紧致的C-全实伪脐子流形的一个刚性结果．     

农村基础设施投资对农村经济增长影响的实证研究——以湖北省为例

经济学理论认为基础设施作为一种资本投资,既可以直接促进经济的发展,又可以通过其溢出效应间接促进经济增长。利用C-D生产函数对湖北省1996-2010年间的基础设施投资数据进行实证研究。结果显示:湖北省1996-2010年间农村基础设施投资的产出弹性为0.106,一般固定资产投资的产出弹性为0.704,农村劳动力的产出弹性为0.296;虽然湖北省农村基础设施投资的产出弹性不及一般固定资产投资和劳动力的产出弹性,但是对于湖北农村经济总量函数有着规模报酬递增的作用。政府应集中资本发展具有前后向关联较大、短期投资回报较快的直接生产部门;但同时也应维持基础设施部门一定的投资规模,为直接生产部门和湖北农村经济进一步发展给予物质保障和动力支撑。     

成语“兵贵神速”的英译与汉英词典的不足

针对成语“兵贵神速”在不同的英译本和汉英词典中，有不同的英译文形式，采用比较分析的方法，阐明了主要英语作品和汉英词典中该成语的英译形式。指出目前的汉英词典的不足，并提出了相应的对策。     

基于“C-2P”模式的薪酬体系优化设计——以W公司为例

W公司的薪酬体系存在着基本工资等级差距不大、绩效工资激励效果不佳、不注重员工胜任能力提升等问题,采用基于胜任力、岗位、绩效的“C-2P”模式,对W公司的薪 酬体系进行优化,即使用要素计点法进行岗位价值评定,改变绩效工资的核算方式,并将员工的胜任能力纳入薪酬体系,从而将薪酬与岗位、绩效、胜任力因素相联系。优化后的 薪酬体系更有利于实现公司的内部公平性,其绩效工资也更具有激励性与灵活性,同时,公司员工对新的薪酬体系评价较高,工作满意度有所提升,员工流失率降低到3%,生产部 门与市场营销部门的绩效均有所上升。